Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

غَنِىَ, (Ṣ, MA, Mṣb, Ḳ,*) from المَال, aor. يَغْنَى, (Mṣb,) inf. n. غِنًى (Ṣ,* MA, Mṣb, Ḳ *) and غَنَآءٌ, (MA, Ḳ,* TḲ, [but the latter is app. held by some to be a simple subst.,]) He was, or became, free from want; in the state, or condition, of having no wants; and also, of having few wants; or in a state of competence, or sufficiency; or rich, or wealthy; الغِنَى being the contr. of الفَقْرُ, as also الغَنَآءُ; (Ḳ, TA;) and thus denoting the absence, or non-existence, of wants, which is [properly, or strictly speaking,] attributable to none but God; and also the paucity of wants; (TA;) or syn. with اليَسَارُ: (Ṣ:) and the epithet applied to him of whom this is said is غَنِىٌّ↓, (Ṣ:) orغَانٍ↓, (Mṣb,) [or both, for] both signify the same [as will be shown below]. (Ḳ.) One says غَنِىَ andاستغنى↓ andتغنّى↓ andتغانى↓ andاغتنى↓, (Ḳ, TA, [but wanting in the CK, and app. in several copies of the Ḳ, though it is said in one place in the Ḳ, as it is in the Ṣ, that تغنّى is syn. with استغنى,]) all having one and the same meaning, and followed by بِهِ [as therewith signifying He was, or became, free from want; in the state, or condition, of having no want, or need; or in a state of competence,, &c.; by means of it, or him; i. e. he was, or became, sufficed by it, or him; and hence, he was, or became, content, or satisfied, with it, or him]. (TA.) لَيْسَ مِنَّا مَنْ لَمْ يَتَغَنَّ↓ بِالقُرْآنِ, (Mṣb, TA,) a saying of the Prophet, (Mṣb,) mentioned in a trad., (TA,) meansيَسْتَغْنِ↓ من لم [i. e. He is not of us who is not content, or satisfied, with the Ḳur-án]: so says Sufyán Ibn-'Oyeyneh; not regarding it as meaning the utterance of the voice [in chanting]: and AʼObeyd says that this obtains extensively in the speech of the Arabs; that they sayتَغَنَّيْتُ↓ andتَغَانَيْتُ↓ in the sense ofاِسْتَغْنَيْتُ↓. (Az, Mṣb, TA.) And one says, غَنِىَ عَنْهُ, inf. n. غِنًى and غُنْيَانٌ, meaning He was in no need of it [or him]: as alsoاستغنى↓ عنه; andأَغْنَى↓ عنه [which seems to be rarely used in this sense]: andغُنْيَةٌ↓ signifies the state of being in no need: andغَانٍ↓, a man free from need. (MA.) [Andمَا يَسْتَغْنِى↓ عَنْهُ He is not without need, or not free from want, of it, or him.] And غَنِىَ بِهِ عَنْهُ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) i. e. عَنْ غَيْرِهِ, (Mṣb,) inf. n. غُنْيَةٌ, (Ṣ,) orغُنْيَةٌ↓ is the subst., (Mṣb,) meaningاستغنى↓ [He was sufficed by it, or was satisfied, or content, with it, so as to be in no need, or so as to be free from want, of it, i. e. of another thing]: and the epithet isغَنِىٌّ↓. (Mṣb.) And [in like manner] غَنِيَتِ المَرْأَةُ بِزَوْجِهَا (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) عَنْ غَيْرِهِ, (Mṣb,) inf. n. غُنْيَانٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and غَنَآءٌ also, (TA,) meaningاِسْتَغْنَت↓ [The woman was satisfied, or content, with her husband, so as to have no want of other than him]. (Ṣ, Ḳ) And غَنِيَتْ [alone], (Ḳ, TA,) inf. n. غِنًا [for غِنًى, or perhaps a mistranscription for غَنَآءٌ, as in the next preceding sentence], She (a woman) was, or became, such as is termed غَانِيَةٌ [q. v. voce غَانٍ]. (Ḳ.)

غَنِىَ, (TḲ,) inf. n. غِنًى, (Ḳ, TḲ,) also signifies He married, or took a wife; [as alsoتغنّى↓; (see Ḥam p. 226 l. 1, where تَغَنَّتْ occurs said of a woman as meaning she married;)] syn. تَزَوَّجَ. (Ḳ,* TḲ. [In the Ḳ, only the inf. n. of the former verb in this sense is mentioned; الغِنَى being there expl. in some copies as signifying التَّزَوُّجُ; and in others, التَّزْوِيجُ.]) Hence the saying, الغِنَى حِصْنٌ لِلْعَزَبِ [Marriage is a bulwark to him who has no wife; protecting him from the attacks of seductive women by rendering him free from the want of them]: mentioned by Az. (TA.)

Also, غَنِىَ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. غِنًى, (TA,) He dwelt, or abode, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) بِالمَكَانِ in the place: (Ṣ:) or غَنِىَ القَوْمُ فِى دَارِهِمْ The people, or party, dwelt long in their place of abode: (T, TA:) or غَنِىَ فِى مَكَانِ كَذَا He dwelt long in such a place, satisfied, or content, therewith, so as to be in no need of any other. (Er-Rághib, TA.) كَأَنْ لَمْ يَغْنَوْا فِيهَا, in the Ḳur [vii. 90 and xi. 71 and 98], means As though they had not dwelt therein. (TA.) [See also the last sentence but two in this paragraph.]

And He lived; syn. عَاشَ. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

And I. q. بَقِىَ: (TA:) one says, غَنِيتُ لَكَ مِنِّى بِالمَوَدَّةِ, meaning بَقِيتُ [i. e. I remained, or have remained, constant to thee with my love, or affection]. (ISd, Ḳ, TA: in the CK [erroneously] غَنَيْتُ.)

[And I. q. كَانَ.] قَدْ أَغْنَى الحَبِيبَ المُصَافِىَ, in a verse of Ibn-Mukbil, means أَكُونُ الحَبِيبَ [i. e. Certainly I will be, or shall be, the sincere friend]. (TA.) And غَنِيَتْ دَارُنَا تِهَامَةَ, (Ḳ, TA,) in a verse of another poet, (TA,) means كَانَتْ [i. e. Our place of abode was Tihámeh]. (Ḳ, TA.) And one says of a thing when it has perished, passed away, or come to nought, كَأَنْ لَمْ يَغْنَ بِالأَمْسِ, meaning كَأَنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ [i. e. As though it had not been in existence yesterday]. (Az, TA.)

غَنِىَ also signifies لَقِىَ: (Ḳ:) [SM doubts this; saying,] thus in the copies; but perhaps it should be بَقِىَ, a signification of غَنِىَ accord. to ISd and the Ḳ [and mentioned above]: (TA:) [it appears, however, to be correct; for it is said that] مَا غَنِيتُ فُلَانًا means لَمْ أَلْقَهُ [i. e. I did not meet, or meet with, or find, or I have not met,, &c., such a one]. (JK.) [Accord. to the TḲ, غَنِىَ followed by بِهِ signifies لَقِى: but this is perhaps said conjecturally.]

see 4.

غنّى, (Ṣ, MA, Mṣb,) inf. n. تَغْنِيَةٌ, (KL,) as syn. with تغنّى↓, (Ṣ, MA, Mṣb,*) He sang, or chanted, (Ṣ,* MA, KL;) or he trilled, or quavered, or prolonged his voice and modulated it sweetly, singing, or chanting. (Mṣb in explanation of the former.) You say غنّاهُ الشِّعْرَ [He sang, or chanted, to him the poetry], and غنّى بِهِ [he sang, or chanted, it, i. e., the poetry], inf. n. تَغْنِيَةٌ; andتغنّى↓ بِهِ; تغنّى and غنّى having one and the same meaning. (Ḳ, TA.) يَتَغَنَّى↓ بِالقُرْآنِ, in a trad. cited in the first paragraph {1} of art. اذن, means, as expl. by EshSháfi'ee, Reciting [or chanting] the Ḳur-án with a plaintive and gentle voice. (Az, Mṣb, TA. [See also that trad. somewhat differently related voce تَرَنَّمَ.])

غنّى is also said of a pigeon, meaning It [cooed, or] uttered a cry; (Ḳ, TA;) and soتغنّى↓. (TA.)

غنّى بِالمَرْأَةِ means تَغَزَّلَ بِهَا, (Ḳ, TA,) i. e. He mentioned the woman [in amatory language, as an object of love,] in his poetry: (TA:) and غنّى بِزَيْدٍ He eulogized Zeyd: or he satirized him: likeتغنّى↓ in these two senses: (Ḳ, TA:) in that of eulogizing and that of satirizing: or, in the opinion of ISd, both of the verbs are used in these two senses and likewise in the sense mentioned immediately before them; meaning that he did thus after prolonging and modulating his voice; singing, or chanting, the same, i. e. the غَزَل and the eulogy and the satire. (TA.)

see غَنَآءٌ. [From what is there said, it seems that غاناهُ signifies He was in no need of him, or it; like غَنِىَ عَنْهُ and استغنى عنه: compare تَغَانَوْا.]

[And app. it signifies also He spoke, or talked, to him, i. e. to a child, or boy, saying to him what was pleasing to him; for it is said that] المُغَانَاةُ means تَكْلِيمُكَ الصَّبِىَّ بِمَا يَهْوَى. (JK.)

اغناهُ He (i. e. God, Ṣ, Ḳ, TA, [but wanting in the CK and app. in several copies of the Ḳ,]) rendered him, or made him to be, in no need, or free from want; (Ṣ,* MA, Ḳ;*) [or in a state of competence, or sufficiency;] or possessed of wealth; (Ṣ,* Ḳ,* TA;) [or rich, or wealthy; (see 1, first sentence;)] andغنّاهُ↓ signifies the same; (Ḳ, TA; [but wanting in the CK and app. in several copies of the Ḳ;]) or, as some say, this latter is [used] in prayer [app. as meaning he said to him, May God enrich thee, or the like: compare سَقَّيْتُهُ (“I said to him, May God send down rain to thee”), and عَقَّرْتُهُ (as expl. in art. عقر), &c.]. (TA.) [And اغناهُ عَنْ كَذَا He, or it, caused him to be in no need, or free from want, of such a thing. (See Ḥam p. 152.) And يُغْنِى عَنْ أَنْ تَفْعَلَ كَذَا It renders needless thy doing such a thing: lit. it causes that there shall be no need of thy doing such a thing.]

And اغنى عَنْهُ كَذَا Such a thing sufficed him; or stood him in stead: whence the saying in the Ḳur [lxix. 28], مَا أَغْنَىعَنِّى مَالِيَهْ [My property has not sufficed me, or stood me in stead]: and [in iii. 8 and lviii. 18 of the same,] لَنْ تُغْنِىَ عَنْهُمْ أَمْوَالُهُمْ [Their possessions will not suffice them in lieu of God]: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or this last means, will not defend them from God, i. e. from his punishment. (Jel in iii. 8.) Andأَغْنَيْتُ عَنْكَ مَغْنَى↓ فُلَانٍ andمَغْنَاتَهُ↓, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,*) andمُغْنَى↓ فُلَانٍ andمُغْنَاتَهُ↓, (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ,) andغَنَآءَ↓ فُلَانٍ, (Ḳ,) I sufficed, or satisfied, or contented, thee, or I have sufficed,, &c., as such a one; or I stood thee, or served thee, or I have stood, &c., in the stead of such a one. (Ṣ,* Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ.) And مَا يُغْنِى عَنْكَ هٰذَا This does not suffice, or satisfy, or content, thee; or stand thee, or serve thee, in any stead; and does not avail, or profit, thee. (Ṣ.) AZ mentions مَا أَغْنَى فُلَانٌ شَيْئًا, thus, and with ع, [i. e. أَعْنَى,] as meaning Such a one did not avail, or profit, at all, in a difficult, or an arduous, affair or case; and did not suffice for such an affair or such a case, or for the supply of what was necessary for subsistence. (Mṣb, TA.) And he says also that he heard a man chide his slave, and say to him, أَغْنِ عَنِّى وَجْهَكَ بَلْ شَرَّكَ, meaning Free me from, and avert from me, [thy face, nay, rather,] thy evil, or mischief: and hence the phrase شَأْنٌ يُغْنِيهِ, [respecting which see the second sentence in art. عنى,] in the Ḳur [lxxx. 37]. (TA.) [Hence also,] وَمَا أُغْنِى عَنْكُمْ مِنَ ٱللّٰهِ مِنْ شَىْءٍ, in the Ḳur xii. 67, means But I do not avert from you, by my saying this, anything decreed to befall you from God: the second من is redundant. (Jel.) And one says, أَغْنِ عَنِّى كَذَا, meaning Put thou away from me, and remove far from me, such a thing: properly [أَغْنِنِى عَنْ كَذَا, originally meaning render thou me in no need of such a thing,] a phrase of the same kind as عَرَضَ الدَّابَّةَ عَلَى المَآءِ [for عَرَضَ المَآءَ عَلَى الدَّابَّةِ]. (Mgh.)

أَغْنَى عَنْهُ as intrans.: see 1, former half.

مَا أَغْنَاهُ [How free from wants, or how rich, or wealthy, is he!]: this and مَا أَفْقَرَهُ are [said to be] anomalous; for their [respective] verbs are استغنى and افتقر, from either of which the verb of wonder may not properly [or regularly] be formed. (Ṣ in art. فقر. [But see غَنِىَ as syn. with استغنى; and see also art. فقر.])

see 1, former half, in two places.

تَغَانُوْا means They were, or became, free from want, one of another, or, as we say, of one another. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) El-Mugheereh Ibn-Habnà says,

*كِلَانَا غَنِىٌّ↓ عَنْ أَخِيهِ حَيَاتَهُ *

* وَنَحْنُ إِذَا مُتْنَا أَشَدُّ تَغَانِيَا *

[Each of us is free from want of his brother in his life-time; and when we die, we shall be more free from such want]. (Ṣ.)

see 1, in seven places.

استغنى ٱللّٰهَ He asked, or begged, God to render him, or make him to be, in no need, or free from want; [or in a state of competence, or sufficiency;] or rich, or wealthy. (Ḳ, TA. [But wanting in the CK, and app. in several copies of the Ḳ.]) Hence the prayer, اَللّٰهُمَّ إِنِّىَ أَسْتَغْنِيكَ عَنْ كُلِّ حَارِمٍ وَأَسْتَعِينُكَ [O God, I ask Thee to render me in no need of any one who refuses to give, and I beg thine aid]. (TA.)

غَنًى, (Ḳ, TA,) with fet-ḥ, and مَقْصُور, (TA,) i. q. مَئِنَّةٌ; so in the saying, مَكَانُ كَذَا غَنًى مِنْ فُلَانٍ [Such a place is meet, fit, or proper, for such a one; as though meaning a place of freedom from want]; as alsoمَغْنًى↓ مِنْهُ. (Ḳ, TA.)

غِنًى andغَنَآءٌ↓ signify the same; (MA, Ḳ;) both are inf. ns. of غَنِىَ: (MA:) [see the first sentence of this art.: used as simple substs., they mean Freedom from need or want; competence, or sufficiency; or richness, or wealthiness:] or غِنًى is the inf. n. of غَنِىَ; (Mṣb;) andغَنَآءٌ↓ signifies competence, or sufficiency; (Mgh, Mṣb;) as in the saying, لَيْسَ عِنْدَهُ غَنَآءٌ He has not competence, or sufficiency: (Mṣb:) or غَنَآءٌ signifies profit, utility, or avail; (Ṣ;) and you say, رَجُلٌ لَا غَنَآءَ عِنْدَهُ meaning A man who is not profitable to any one: (TA voce دَدَانٌ; [and in like manner this phrase, occurring in the Ṣ voce دَدَانٌ, is expl. in the PṢ:]) andغُنْوَةٌ↓ signifies the same as غِنًى in the saying لِى عَنْهُ غُنْوَةٌ [I have no need of it, or him]: (Ḳ and TA in art. غنو:) so says Ks: but, as ISd says, the word commonly known isغُنْيَةٌ↓; (TA in that art.;) which see in two places in the former half of the first paragraph of this art.: this last word [said in the Ṣ to be an inf. n.] andغِنْيَةٌ↓ andغُنْوَةٌ↓ andغُنْيَانٌ↓ [which is said in the Ṣ and in one place in the Ḳ to be an inf. n.] are substs. having one and the same meaning [syn. with غِنًى used as a simple subst.]: and مَا لَه عَنْهُ غِنًى [in the CK erroneously غَنًى] andغُنْيَةٌ↓ andغُنْيَانٌ↓ andمَغْنًى↓ mean [lit. He has not freedom from need of it, or him; and hence,] he has not any means, or way, of separating himself from, or avoiding, it, or him; syn. بُدٌّ: (Ḳ:) and one saysفِى النِّكَاحِ غُنْيَةٌ↓ عَنِ السِّفَاحِ [In marriage is freedom from need of fornication]. (A and Mṣb in art. سفح.) مَا كَانَ عَنْ ظَهْرِ غِنًى, in a trad. respecting alms, means What is over and above that which suffices for the sustenance of the household, or family. (TA.)

غَنَآءٌ: see غِنًى, in two places; and see also 4, former half. A poet says,

* سَيُغْنِينِى ٱلَّذِى أَغْنَاكَ عَنِّى *

* فَلَا فَقْرٌ يَدُومُ وَلَا غَنَآءُ *

[He will render me free from need who has rendered thee free from need of me: for poverty will not always continue, nor competence, or richness]: or, as some relate it, غِنَآءُ, meaning thereby the inf. n. of غَانَيْتُ↓: [see 3, above:] but it is said that the proper reading is غَنَآءُ; because this has no other meaning than that of غِنًى: so says ISd. (TA.)

مَا فِيهِ غَنَآءُ ذَاكَ means There is not in him [ability for] the setting-up of that, and strength, or power, to bear it, or carry it, or to raise it upon his back and rise with it. (ISd, Ḳ, TA.)

غِنَآءٌ is an inf. n. of 3. (TA, [See the next preceding paragraph.])

Also, (TA,) [Song, or vocal music; i. e.] an utterance of the voice with a prolonging and a sweet modulation thereof; (Ḳ, TA;) or a raising of the voice, and continuing it without interruption; (Nh, TA;) [a singing, and a chanting;] it is said in the Ṣ to be مِنَ السَّمَاعِ [meaning that it is a sort of musical performance]: (TA:) being an utterance of the voice, its analogical form would be with damm [i. e. غُنَآءٌ, like حُدَادٌ, &c.]: (Mṣb, TA:) its pl. is أَغْنِيَةٌ: (MA:) [andمَغْنًى↓ signifies the same as غِنَآءٌ; and a mode of singing; and any particular air, or tune; and a song, i. e. a composition in verse that is sung or to be sung: and its pl. is مَغَانٍ: but perhaps it is post-classical: the pl. occurs in the Ḳ, in art. نصب:] غِنَآءٌ [also] signifies [a song, i. e.] poetry, or verse, that is [sung, or chanted, or] uttered with a trilling, or quavering, or a prolonging and a sweet modulation, of the voice; (Ḥar p. 286;) andأُغْنِيَّةٌ↓ is syn. with غِنَآءٌ (Ṣ, Ḥar) in this sense; (Ḥar;) or, as alsoإِغْنِيَّةٌ↓, (Fr, Ḳ, TA,) and↓ each of them also without teshdeed, (Ḳ, TA,) as mentioned by ISd, but said by him to be not of valid authority, (TA,) signifies a certain sort of غِنَآء (Ḳ, TA) which they sing or chant: (TA:) and the pl. is أَغَانِىُّ (Ṣ, TA) [and أَغَانٍ, this latter being the pl. of each sing. that is without teshdeed].

الغِنَآء is also used by a poet in the place of an inf. n., meaning التَّغَنِّى: he says,

* تَغَنِّ بِالشِّعْرِ إِمَّا كُنْتَ قَائِلَهُ *

* إِنَّ الغِنَآءَ بهٰذَا الشِعْرِ مِضْمَارُ *

[Sing thou, or chant thou, the poetry, if thou be uttering it: verily the singing, or chanting, this poetry is a مضمار (expl. in art. ضمر)]. (TA.)

غَنِىٌّ andغَانٍ↓: see 1, former half; each in two places: both signify [Free from want; or in a state of competence, or sufficiency; or rich, or wealthy; or] possessing much property or wealth: (Ḳ,* TA:) pl. of the former أَغْنِيَآءُ. (Mṣb, TA.) See an ex. of the former in a verse cited above, conj. 6. One says, أَنَا غَنِىٌّ بِكَذَا عَنْ غَيْرِهِ [I am sufficed by such a thing, or satisfied, or content, with it, so as to be free from want of another thing]. (Mṣb.)

الغَنِىُّ as a name of God signifies [The Self-sufficient; i. e.] He who has no need of any one in any thing. (TA.)

غَنَّآءٌ A singer; (MA;) [as alsoمُغَنٍّ↓; and مُغَنِّيَةٌ a female singer, a songstress:] accord. to Ibn-Ya'eesh, a مُغَنٍّ↓ is thus called لِأَنَّهُ يُغَنِّنُ صَوْتَهُ, i. e. because he makes his voice to have in it a غُنَّة [or sort of nasal sound, or twang]; the word being, in his opinion, originally, مُغَنِّنٌ, with three ن, the last of which is changed into ى, when one says المُغَنِّى, for the purpose of alleviating the utterance. (Mughnee, art. حَرْفُ النُّونِ.)

غَانٍ: see غَنِىٌّ.

[The fem.] غَانِيَةٌ signifies A young woman who is sufficed by her husband; or satisfied, or content, with him, (Ṣ, Mṣb, TA,*) so as to be in no need, or free from want, of any other: (Mṣb:) and sometimes, also, applied to a woman, (Ṣ,) such as is sufficed by her beauty, (Ṣ, ISd, Ḳ, TA,) so as to be in no need of decoration (ISd, Ḳ, TA) with women's ornaments: (ISd, TA:) or such as is sought, or desired, by men, but does not seek, or desire: (ISd, Ḳ,* TA:) or such as has abode in the house, or tent, of her father and mother, and whom captivity (سِبَآء) has not befallen; (IJ, ISd, Ḳ,* TA;) which is the strangest of the explanations: (TA:) or such as is youthful and chaste, whether having a husband or not: (ISd, Ḳ, TA:) or, accord. to AO, one that is married: (Ḥam p. 226:) or, accord. to Az, such as pleases men, and is pleased by شَبَاب [which means both youthfulness and youths or young men]: (TA:) pl. غَوَانٍ; (Ḳ;) with the article, الغَوَانِى; [and also غَانِيَاتٌ: (see an ex. in a verse cited in the second paragraph {1} of art. زج:)] in the saying of Ibn-Er-Rukeiyát,

* لَا بَارَكَ ٱللّٰهُ فِى الغَوَانِىِ هَلْ *

* يُصْبِحْنَ إِلَّا لَهُنَّ مُطَّلَبُ *

[May God not bless those young women that are sufficed by their husbands, or by their beauty,, &c.: do they enter upon the time of dawn without their having desire (lit. a time or place, meaning an occasion, of seeking, or desire)], the ى is made movent by a poetic license: (Ṣ, TA:) and another poet uses الغَوَانِ for الغَوَانِى. (TA.)

أَغْنَآءٌ [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned,] The أَمْلَاكَات [meaning Goods and chattels, or paraphernalia,] of brides. (Az, Ḳ.)

مَغْنًى: see 4, former half:

and غَنًى:

and غِنًى, near the end.

Also A place in which were its occupants, or inhabitants: (Ṣ:) or a place of abode by which its occupants, or inhabitants, were sufficed, or with which they were satisfied, or content, and from which they then departed, or removed: or in a general sense; (Ḳ, TA;) a place of abode, absolutely; but this seems to be a distinct application: (TA:) pl. مَغَانٍ; with the article, المَغَانِى. (Ṣ, TA.)

See also غِنَآءٌ.

مُغْنٍ [act. part. n. of 4,] A man sufficing, or satisfying, or contenting. (TA.)

المُغْنِى as a name of God signifies He who satisfies, or contents, whom He will, of his servants. (TA.)

And مُغْنِيَةٌ A woman who satisfies, or contents, her husband, so as to render him in no need of looking at other than her. (Ḥar p. 451.)