Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

فَرَدَ, aor ـُ, [inf. n. فُرُودٌ,] He, or it, was, or became, single; sole; or one, and no more. (Mṣb.)

See also 7, (with which two other forms of the unaugmented verb, namely, فَرِدَ and فَرُدَ, are also mentioned,) in four places.

فرّد, inf. n. تَفْرِيدٌ, He applied himself to the study of practical religion, or the law, and withdrew from [the rest of] mankind, and attended only to the observance of the commands and prohibitions [of religion]. (IAạr, T, L, Ḳ.) [See also the part. n., below.]

افرد as intrans.: see 7.

أَفْرَدَتْ She (a female, Ṣ, L, a pregnant female, A, or a woman, Ḳ) brought forth one only: (Ṣ, A, L, Ḳ:) opposed to أَتْأَمَتْ: (A:) not said of a she-camel, because she never brings forth more than one. (Ṣ, L, Ḳ.)

افردهُ He made him, or it, to be single; sole; or one, and no more. (Lth, T, M,* L, Mṣb.*)

And He put, or set, him, or it, apart, aside, or away; he separated him, or it. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) You say, افردهُ مِنْهُ [He separated him from him, and rendered him solitary; or he left him solitary]. (A and Mgh in art. وتر.) [See an ex. in a verse cited voce عَاذِبٌ.]

[Hence,] افرد فُلاَنًا بِشَىْءٍ He made such a one to have a thing to himself alone, with none to share, or participate, with him in it. (A in art. فرز.)

And افرد الحَجَّ عَنِ العُمْرَةِ He performed the rites and ceremonies of the pilgrimage separately from those of the عُمْرَةِ [q. v.]. (Mṣb.)

And افرد إِلَيْهِ رَسُولاً (Ṣ, Ḳ) He sent [away] a messenger to him. (Ḳ.)

انفرد andفَرَدَ↓ signify the same: (Ṣ:) the latter, aor. ـُ {يَفْرُدُ}, [inf. n. فُرُودٌ,] is expl. by Lth as signifying He was, or became, alone, by himself, apart from others, or solitary: (T, L:) and thus انفرد بِنَفْسِهِ signifies. (Mṣb.) And انفرد عَنْهُ He, or it, was, or became, apart, or separate, from him, or it, and alone. (L.) And انفرد بِفُلاَنِ andاستفردهُ↓ are syn. [as meaning He was, or became, alone with such a one]. (M, A, Ḳ.) And انفرد بَالأَمْرِ, (AZ, T, M, L, Ḳ,) and بِكَذَا, (Ṣ,) and بِرَأْيِهِ; (L;) andفَرَدَ↓, (AZ, T, M, L, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَفْرُدُ}, (AZ, T, M, L,) inf. n. فُرُودٌ; (AZ, L;) andفَرِدَ↓, andفَرُدَ↓, (M, L, Ḳ,) mentioned by Lḥ; (M, L;) andافرد↓, (L, Ḳ,) andتفرّد↓, andاستفرد↓; (Ṣ, M, L, Ḳ;) signify alike; (AZ, T, Ṣ, M, L, Ḳ;) i. e. He was, or became, alone; independent of others; without any to share, or participate, with him; in the affair, and in such a thing, and in his opinion: (the lexicons passim: [see اِسْتَبَدَّ:]) and [in like manner]تفرّد↓ بِالمَالِ [he was without any to share, or participate, with him in the property]. (Mṣb.)

لَأُقَاتِلَنَّهُمْ حتَّى تَنْفَرِدُ سَالِفَتِى, occurring in a trad., means † I will assuredly fight with them until I die; lit., until the side of my neck shall become separate from my body; because its separation can be only by death. (L.)

استفرد as intrans.: see 7.

استفردهُ: see 7.

Also He found him alone, having no second person with him. (A.) [Hence, one says,] اِسْتَطْرَدَ فَجَدَّلَهُ لَهُمْ فَلَمَّا ٱسْتَفْرَدَ مِنْهُمْ رَجُلاً كَرَّ عَلَيْهِ [He fled, or wheeled about widely, from them, to turn again, by way of stratagem; and when he found a man of them alone, he returned against him, and threw him down upon the ground]. (A, L.) And استفرد الدُّرَّةَ He (the diver) found the pearl alone, having no other with it. (A.)

And He took it alone; by itself; without any other, or any like it. (T, L.) He took it forth from among the things that were with it. (M, Ḳ.)

فَرْدَ Single; sole; only; one, and no more; syn. وِتْرَ; (Ṣ, A, L, Mṣb;) i. e. وَاحِدٌ: (Mṣb:) [and, used as a subst., a single, or an individual, person or thing:] fem. فَرْدَةٌ andفَرْدَىْ↓ [which latter is anomalous, as though fem. of فَرْدَانُ]: (Mṣb:) pl. أَفْرَادٌ andفُرَادَى↓ which latter is anomalous, as though pl. of فُرْدَانُ (Ṣ, L, Mṣb) and of فَرْدَىْ, like as سُكَارَى is pl. of سُكْرَانُ and of سَكْرَى. (Mṣb. See also فُرَادٌ, below.) You say, عَدَدْتُ الدَّرَاهِمَ أَفْرَاداً I counted the dirhems one by one. (T, A.)

And Such as has no equal, or like: (Lth, M, L, Ḳ:) pl. أَفْرَادٌ (M, Ḳ) and فُرَادَى [respecting which latter see above]. (Ḳ.) الفَرْدُ as an epithet applied to God means The Single; the Sole; the One; (T;) He who has no equal, or like; the Unequalled: (Lth, T, L:) but Az says, I have not found it so applied in the Sunneh; and no epithet should be applied to God except such as He has applied to Himself, or such as the Prophet has applied to Him. (L.) And one says سَيْفٌ فَرْدٌ, (Ḳ,) andفَرَدٌ↓, (T, L, Ḳ,) andفُرُدٌ↓, (L, Ḳ,) andفَرِدٌ↓, (Ḳ,) andفَرُدٌ↓, (T, Ḳ,) andفَرِيدٌ↓ andفَرْدَدٌ↓, (Ḳ, but the third and fifth not in the text of the Ḳ as given in the TA,) A sword having diversified wavy marks, streaks, or grain; (ذُو فِرِنْدٍ, Ḳ, [in the TA وَفِرِنْدٌ, as though one said also سَيْفٌ فِرِنْدٌ, which is evidently a mistake,]) unequalled (T, L, Ḳ) in excellence. (T, L.)

And The half [meaning one] of a pair or couple. (M, L, Ḳ.)

And Such as is alone, by himself or by itself, or apart from others; unconnected with, or unattended by, others; solitary, or separate; syn. مُتَّحِدٌ, (M, L, Ḳ,) or مَا كَانَ وَحْدَهُ; (Lth, L;) unmixed with others; [in which sense it is] a word of more common application than وِتْرٌ, and more special than وَاحِدٌ: (Kull p. 278:) pl. فِرَادٌ (M, L, Ḳ) [and أَفْرَادٌ and فُرُودٌ also, as will be shown below]: an ex. of the first of these pls. occurs in the saying, (cited by IAạr, L,)

* تَخَلُّفَ السَّقْرِ فِرَادَ السِّرْبِ *

[As the hawk's seizing, or carrying off by force, those that are apart from the others of the flock of birds]. (M, L. See, again, فُرَادٌ.) [Hence,] one says ثَوْرٌ فَرْدٌ, (Ṣ,) and شَىْءٌ فَرْدٌ, (M, Ḳ,) andفَرِدٌ↓, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) andفَرَدٌ↓, andفَرُدٌ↓, (M, Ḳ,) andفُرُدٌ↓, (Ḳ,) andفَارِدٌ↓, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) andفَرِيدٌ↓, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) andفَرُودٌ↓, (M, Ḳ,) andفَرْدَانُ↓, (Ḳ,) [andمُفْرَدٌ↓ (see an ex. voce شَاةٌ, in art. شوه),] A bull, (Ṣ,) and a thing, (M, Ḳ,) that is alone, by itself, or apart from others; solitary, or separate from others. (Ṣ, M, Ḳ.) Andسِدْرَةٌ فَارِدَةٌ↓ A lote-tree apart from others. (Ṣ.) Andشَجَرَةٌ فَارِدٌ↓, (M, Ḳ,) and فَارِدَةٌ, (M, TA,) A tree apart from others. (M, Ḳ,* TA.) Andظَبْيَةٌ فَارِدٌ↓ A gazelle apart, or separate, from the herd. (Ṣ, M, Ḳ.) Andنَاقَةٌ فَارِدٌ↓, andمِفْرَادٌ↓, andفَرُودٌ↓, A she-camel that goes away alone, apart from others, in the pasture, (M, L, Ḳ,*) and at the water; (M in explanation of the last, and L;) the epithet applied to the male beingفَارِدٌ↓, only. (M, L.) Andهُوَ فَارِدٌ↓ بِهٰذَا الأَمْرِ He is alone in this affair. (A.) And it is said in a trad.,لاَ تُعَدُّ فَارِدَتُكُمْ↓, meaning Your ewe, or she-goat, that ye have set apart from the flock, or herd, that ye may milk her in the tent, or house, shall not be reckoned [among those for which ye are to pay the poorrate]: (A:) or the meaning is, what is over and above the فَرِيضَة [or fixed number of camels, &c., to be given in payment of the poor-rate] shall not be added to the latter and reckoned therewith. (L.) And in another it is said,لاَ يَغُلُّ فَارِدَتُكُمْ↓, expl. by Th as meaning Such of you as shall segregate himself, as, for instance, one or two, and gain spoil, shall resign it to the collective body, and not act unfaithfully by taking it for himself. (M, L.) And in another, فَمِنْكُمُ المُزْدَلِفُ صَاحِبُ العِمَامَةِ الفَرْدَةِ And of you is El-Muzdelif, he of the solitary turban: this was said of him because, when he rode, no one with him wore a turban, to show honour to him. (L.)

لَقِيْتُهُ فَرْدَيْنِ means I met him, we two being alone. (Ṣ, L, Ḳ.)

أَفْرَادُ النُّجُومِ, (Ṣ, M, L, Ḳ,) as also فُرُودُهَا, (Ḳ,) signifies The brightly-shining stars (الدَّرَارِىْءُ) in the horizon [when other stars, there, are invisible]: so called because they are apart from the other [visible] stars. (M, L.) And الفُرُودُ, (T, M, L, and so in some copies of the Ḳ,) in some copies of the Ḳ الفُرْدُودُ↓, [and thus in the CK,] but the former is the right, (TA,) Certain stars, disposed in a row, behind the Pleiades; (Ḳ;) in some copies of the Ḳ, around the Pleiades: (TA:) certain bright stars around the Pleiades. (T, L.) And (L) Certain stars around حَضَارِ [q. v.], which is one of the two stars called المُحْلِفَانِ, (M, L, TA,) the other whereof is called الوَزْنُ; (TA;) certain small stars with حَضَارِ; so called because situate apart from the latter, by its side. (Kitáb Anwá el- ʼArab, TA.) And الفَرْدُ is a name of The star (a) in the hinder part of the neck of الشُّجَاع [the constellation Hydra; which star is also called عُنُقُ الشُّجَاعِ]. (Ḳzw in his description of الشجاع.)

فَرْدٌ signifies also One side of a jaw: (M, L, Ḳ:) pl. أَفْرَادٌ. (M, L.)

And A sandal such as is termed سِمْطٌ, not patched, nor having a second sole added to it; (Ḳ;) a sandal having a single sole; not having a sole composed of two pieces of leather sewed together, one beneath the other; thus in the saying,

* يَا خَيْرَ مَنْ يَمْشِى بِنَعلٍ فَرْدِ *

[O best of such as walk with a single-soled sandal], meaning O best of the great men of the Arabs; for sandals were worn by the Arabs, exclusively of the foreigners; and thin sandals, only by the kings and chief persons of the former. (L.)

Also, andفَارِدٌ↓, A bull [app. a wild bull]. (Lth, T, L. [See also مُفْرَدٌ.])

[The pl.] الأَفْرَادُ as a conventional term in lexicology signifies What have been transmitted by only one of the lexicologists; what is thus transmitted, if the transmitter is a person of exactness (as Aboo-Zeyd and El-Khaleel and others), is admitted. (Mz, 5th نوع. [See also الآحَادُ, voce أَحَدٌ; a similar, but less restricted, term: and see المَفَارِيدُ.])

فَرْدَةٌ fem. of فَرْدٌ [used as an epithet] in the first of the senses assigned to the latter above. (Mṣb.)

فُرَدَةٌ One who goes away alone, (Ḳ, TA,) having left his companions. (TA.)

فُرْدَاتٌ [Hills, or the like, such as are termed] آكَام [pl. of أَكَمَةٌ, q. v.]. (Ḳ.)

فُرَادٌ [is most properly regarded as a quasi-pl. n., rather than as a pl., of فَرْدٌ; and فُرَادُ is similar to it in meaning]. One says, جَاؤُوا فُرَاداً, andفُرَادَى↓, (Ṣ, M, Ḳ,) with tenween and without it, (Ṣ,) and فُرَادَ, (Ḳ,) like ثُلَاثَ and رُبَاعَ, (TA,) andفَرَادَ↓, and فِرَاداً [a pl. ofفَرْدٌ↓,] andفَرْدَى↓, (Ḳ,) [andفُرَّاداً↓, perhaps thus by poetic license, see an ex. in a verse cited voce مُرْسِمٌ,] They came one by one; one at a time; (Ṣ;) one after another: (M, Ḳ:) AZ relates that the Kilábees said, جِئْتُمُونَا فُرَاداً [Ye came to us one by one; or one after another]: and هُمْ فُرَادٌ وَأَزْوَاجٌ [They are separate persons and pairs], with tenween: and the Arabs said قَوْمٌ فُرَادُ, imperfectly decl., likened to ثُلاَثُ and رُبَاعُ, [A party composed of separate persons, disposed by ones, or one after another,] andفُرَادَى↓, which latter is said by Fr to be a pl.: (T, L:) and the sing. [he adds] is فَرَدٌ↓ andفَرِدٌ↓ andفَرِيدٌ↓ andفَرْدَانُ↓: (T, Ḳ:) butفَرُدٌ↓, (so accord. to a copy of the T,) orفَرْدٌ↓, (so in the Ḳ accord. to the TA, [in the CK فُرْدٌ,]) in this sense, [i. e. in the pl. sense] is not allowable. (T, Ḳ.)

فَرِيدٌ: see فَرْدٌ, former half, in two places: and see فُرَادٌ.

Also i. q. شَذْرٌ [app. as meaning The beads that divide the other beads of a string]; (T, A;) in the language of the 'Ajam [app. meaning Persians] called جَاوَرْسَق [a word I do not find in any dictionary]: accord. to Ibráheem El-Ḥarbee, شَذْر of silver, like pearls: (T:) or شَذْر that divide the pearls and gold: (M, L, Ḳ:) and pearls that are strung, and divided by other things interposed: (Ṣ, L, Ḳ:) or pearls that divide the pieces of gold in a necklace: (A:) one thereof is termed فَرِيدَةٌ↓: (T, M, A, L:) pl. فَرَائِدُ. (T, M, Ḳ.) And A precious, or highly-esteemed, gem; (M, L, Ḳ;) as alsoفَرِيدَةٌ↓; (Ḳ;) as though it were the only one of its kind; (M, L;) or so called because unequalled; or because [it is a pearl] found alone in its shell: (MF:) and as some say, (Ṣ,) فَرَائِدُ↓ الدُّرِّ signifies the large pearls. (Ṣ, L.)

Also The intermediate vertebræ between the last of the six vertebræ that are next to the دَأْى [q. v.] of the neck and the six that are between these فَرِيد and the [rump-bone called the] عَجْب; as alsoفَرَائِدُ↓: (M, L, Ḳ:) orفَرِيدَةٌ↓ [the sing.] signifies the vertebra that projects from the part, of the back of a horse, that is next to the lumbar vertebrœ; intervening between the dorsal vertebræ and the lumbar: it projects in some horses. (M, L.)

فَرَّادٌ One who sells, (T, A, L, Ḳ,) and one who makes, (M, L, Ḳ,) what are termed فَرِيد, (A, L, Ḳ,) i. e. (A) شَذْر. (T, A.)

فَارِدٌ, and its fem. (with ة {فَارِدَةٌ}): see فَرْدٌ, near the middle, in nine places:

and again, near the end.

سُكَّرٌ فَارِدٌ Sugar of the best kind, and white. (Ḳ.)

And إِبِلٌ فَوَارِدُ [She-camels] which stallions do not resemble (لاَ تُشْبِهُهَا). (So in the O and Ḳ. [But the right reading is evidently I think, لا تَشْتَهِيهَا, which the Turkish translator of the Ḳ appears to have found in a copy of that work; and the meaning, therefore, which stallions do not desire. فَوَارِدُ is pl. of فَارِدَةٌ.])

مُفْرَدٌ: see فَرْدٌ, second quarter.

[Hence, as a conventional term, A single, simple, word or vocable;] an expression of which a portion does not denote a portion of its meaning: (KT:) [pl. مُفْرَدَاتٌ.]

[And Singular, as distinguished from dual and plural.]

[And مُفْرَادَاتُ الطِّبِّ The simples of medicine; medicinal simples.]

And مُفْرَدٌ signifies also A wild bull. (L. [See, again, فَرْدٌ, near the end.])

مُفْرِدٌ A female, (Ṣ, L,) a pregnant female, (A,) or a ewe or she-goat, (M,) or a woman, (Ḳ,) bringing forth one only: (Ṣ, M, A, L, Ḳ:) like مُوحِدٌ and مُفِذٌّ: (Ṣ, L:) opposed to مُتْئِمٌ. (A.) [See its verb, 4.]

ذَهَبَ مُفَرَّدٌ Pieces of gold (in a necklace, A) divided, one from another, by فَرِيد [q. v.], (M, A, L, Ḳ,) i. e., by pearls. (A.)

مُفَرِّدٌ A rider having no other with him: (A:) or a rider having only his camel with him. (Ḳ.)

طُوبَى لِلْمُفَرِّدِينَ, occurring in a trad., (L,) means Good betide those who apply themselves to the study of practical religion, or the law, and withdraw from [the rest of] mankind, and attend only to the observance of the commands and prohibitions [of religion]: (IAạr, T,* L, Ḳ, TA:) and (Ḳ, TA) it is also said to mean (TA) those who are devoted to the commemoration of the praises of God: (Ḳ, TA:) or, as expl. by the Prophet himself, those men and women who commemorate the praises of God much, or frequently: (TA:) also, (Ḳ,) or, as Ḳṭ says in explaining the trad., (TA,) [and as his words are cited in the T,] those whose contemporaries in birth, (Ḳ, TA,) and the generation among which they were, (TA,) have perished, or died, while they themselves have remained, (Ḳ, TA,) commemorating the praises of God: but Az holds the explanation of IAạr to be more correct than this of Ḳṭ. (TA.)

المَفَارِيدٌ as a conventional term in lexicology signifies What have been uttered by only one of the Arabs: differing from الأَفْرَادُ, which signifies what have been transmitted from the Arabs by only one of the leading lexicologists. (Mz, 15th نوع.)