Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

فَصَلَ, (Ṣ, M, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَفْصِلُ}, inf. n. فَصْلٌ, (M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) He separated, or divided, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and put apart, (Mṣb,) a thing, (Ṣ, O, Mṣb,*) عَنْ غَيْرِهِ [from another thing], (Mṣb,) and بَعْضَهُ مِنْ بَعْضٍ [or عَنْ بَعْضٍ i. e. part thereof from part]. (M and TA in art. ميز.) And (Ḳ,) He made a separation, or partition, (M, Ḳ, TA,) بَيْنَهُمَا (M, TA *) i. e. between them two, meaning, two things, making it known that the former had come to an end: so says Er-Rághib: (TA:) and فَصَلَ الحَدُّ بَيْنَ الأَرْضَيْنِ, [aor. and] inf. n. as above, The limit, or boundary, made, or formed, a separation between the two lands: (Mṣb:) and فَصَلْتُ بَيْنَ القَوْمِ I made a division, or separation, between, or among, the people, or party. (O.)

[Hence,] فَصَلَ الرّضِيعَ عَنْ أُمِّهِ, (Ṣ, Mgh, O,) or المَوْلُودَ (M, Ḳ) عَنِ الرَّضَاعِ, (M,) aor. as above, (M, Ḳ,) inf. n. فِصَالٌ, (Ṣ, O,) or فَصْلٌ, and the former is a simple subst., (M, Ḳ,) or both, (Mgh,) He weaned [the suckling from his mother, or the young infant from sucking the breast]; (Ṣ, M, Mgh, O, Ḳ;) as alsoافتصلهُ↓: (Ṣ, M, O:) or فَصَلَتِ المَرْأَةُ رَضِيعَهَا, inf. n. فَصْلٌ, and فِصَالٌ is the subst., the woman weaned her suckling. (Mṣb.)

Hence also, i. e. from فَصَلَ as first expl. above, فَصْلُ الخُصُومَاتِ The deciding of litigations, altercations, or disputes: like فَصْلُ الخِطَابِ: (Mṣb:) or this latter means distinct, or plain speech; which he to whom it is addressed distinctly, or plainly, understands; which is not confused, or dubious, to him: (Ksh in explanation of it in the Ḳur xxxviii. 19, and Mgh:) or such as decides, or distinguishes, between what is true and what is false, (Ksh ibid., Mgh, O, Ḳ,) and what is sound and what is corrupt, (Ksh, Mgh,) and what is correct and what is erroneous: (Ksh:) or such as decides the judgment, or judicial sentence: (Er-Rághib, TA:) or the evidence, or proof, that is obligatory [as a condition of his justification] upon the claimant, or plaintiff, and the oath that is obligatory [in like manner] upon him against whom the claim, or plaint, is urged; (Ksh, O, Ḳ; [an explanation of which a part is dropped in the CK;]) thus accord. to ʼAlee: (Ksh:) or the [using of the] phrase أَمَّا بَعْدُ. (Ksh, O, Ḳ. [Respecting this phrase, and for other explanations, see 3 in art خطب.]) كَلِمَةُ الفَصْلِ in the Ḳur xlii. 20 means The sentence of God's deciding between mankind on the day of resurrection, (O,) which is called يَوْمُ الفَصْلِ. (TA.) And الفَصْلُ [alone] means The deciding judicially between what is true and what is false; (M, O, Ḳ;) and, (O, Ḳ,) sometimes, (O,) so الفَيْصَلُ↓; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) or this latter is [a simple subst, i. e.,] a name for such decision; (TA;) and is also an epithet [expl. below]. (M, O, Ḳ.) هٰذَا يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ هٰذَا يَوْمُ ٱلْفَصْلِ, in the Ḳur xxxvii. 20 and 21, means [This is the day of requital:] this is the day wherein a decision, or a distinction, shall be made (يُفْصَلُ فِيهِ) between the doer of good and the doer of evil, and every one shall be requited for his work and with that wherewith God will favour his servant the Muslim. (M.) And إِنَّ رَبَّكَ هُوَ يَفْصِلُ بَيْنَهُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْقِيَامَةِ فِيمَا كَانُوا فِيهِ يَخْتَلِفُونَ, in the Ḳur xxxii. 25, means [Verily thy Lord] He shall decide [between them], and distinguish what is true from what is false, [on the day of resurrection,] by distinguishing the speaker of what is true from the speaker of what is false, in respect of that wherein they used to disagree, of what concerned religion. (Bḍ.) And one says also فَصَلَ الحُكْمَ [He decided the judgment, or judicial sentence]. (M.) فَصَلَ النَّظْمَ, in the Ḳ, is a mistake: see 2. (TA.)

فَصَلَ مِنَ النَّاحِيَةِ, (Ṣ, O,) or مِنْ البَلَدِ (Ḳ,) or عَنْ بَلَدِكَذَا, aor. ـُ {يَفْصُلُ}, (M,) inf. n. فُصُولٌ, (M, Ḳ,) He went forth [from the part of the country, or from the town or country, or from such a town or country]. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.) And فَصَلَ العَسْكَرُ عَنِ البَلَدِ [The army went forth from the town or country]: whence the saying of the Prophet respecting Ibn-Rawáhah, كَانَ أَوَّلَنَا فُصُولًا وَآخِرُنَاقُفُولًا i. e. He was the first of us in going away (اِنْفِصَالًا↓) from his house and his family and the last of us in returning to [it and] them. (Mgh.) And فَصَلَ فُلَانٌ مِنْ عِنْدِى, inf. n. فُصُولٌ, Such a one went forth [from my presence or vicinage, or from me]. (TA.) And فَصَلَ مِنِّى كِتَابُ إِلَيْهِ [A letter] passed from me to him. (TA.) Thus the verb is intrans, as well as trans.; its inf. n. when it is trans, being فَصْلٌ; when intrans., فُصُولٌ. (TA.)

And فَصَلَ الكَرْمُ The vine put forth small grapes, resembling lentils or a grain similar thereto. (M, Ḳ.)

فصّل النَّظْمَ, (M, TA,) thus correctly, with teshdeed, bat in the Ḳ فَصَلَ, like نَصَرَ, (TA,) [inf. n. تَفْصِيلٌ,] He put between every two of the strung beads [or pearls] a bead such as is termed فَاصِلَةٌ [q. v., or what is described voce مُفَصّلٌ as an epithet applied to a necklace]. (M, Ḳ, TA.)

And فصّلتُ الشّىْءَ inf. n. تَفْصِيلٌ, I made the thing to consist of distinct portions or sections. (Mṣb.)

And فصّل الشّاةَ, (inf. n. as above, TA.) He (a butcher) divided the sheep, or goal, into limbs, or members. (Ṣ, O, TA.)

[Hence فصّل means also He cut a piece of cloth for a garment: and he cut out a garment:]

[whence تَفْصِيلٌ means The cut of a garment (See also De Sacy's Chrest. Ar., see. ed., i. 86-7.)]

And [hence, likewise,] تَفْصِيلٌ also signifies [The dissecting, or analyzing, of speech, or language: the explaining distinctly, or in detail: and] the making distinct, clear, plain, manifest, or perspicuous; i. q. تَبْيِينٌ. (Ṣ, O, Ḳ.) فَصَّلْنَاهُ in the Ḳur vii. 50 [referring to the book of the Ḳur an] means بيّنَّاهُ [Which we have made distinct,, &c.]: or, as some say, whereof we have divided the verses by means of the فَوَاصِل [pl. of فَاصِلةٌ, q. v.]. (TA.)

فاصل شَرِيكَهُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) inf. n. مُفَاصَلَةٌ, (TA,) He separated himself from his partner, with the latter's concurrence; syn. بَايَنَهُ, (Ḳ, TA,) and فَارَزَهُ. (Ṣ and O and Ḳ in art. فرز.)

انفصل It became separated, or divided, (Ṣ, M, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and put apart (Mṣb.)

[And He went forth, or away; like the intrans. فَصَلَ.] See 1, near the end.

see 1, former half.

افتصل النَّخْلَةَ عَنْ مَوْضِعِهَا He transplanted the palm-tree. (AḤn, M, Ḳ.) A man of Hejer [which is famous for its dates] said that the best of palm-trees is that of which the young one has been removed from its place of growth, which young one is called فَصْلَةٌ↓. (TA.)

فَصْلٌ inf. n. of the trans. v. فَصَلَ [q. v. passim]. (M, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA.) [As a simple subst., it has various significations here following: and is] sing. of فُصُولٌ. (Ṣ, O.)

A separation, division, or partition, between two things. (M, Ḳ.)

The place of the مَفْصِل [i. e. joint, or articulation, and therefore of the division, of two bones] of the body: between every one such and another [that is the next to it] is a وِصْل [or limb, in the CK, erroneously, وَصْل]. (Lth, O, Ḳ.) See also مَفْصِلٌ.

As used by the Basrees, [in grammar,] it is [A disconnective] like عِمَادٌ as used by the Koofees: (O, Ḳ:) thus in the saying in the Ḳur [viii. 32], إنْ كَانَ هٰذَا هُوَ ٱلْحَقَّ مِنْ عِنْدِكَ [lit. If this, it, be the truth from Thee], هو is termed فصل and عماد, [more commonly the former,] and الحقّ is in the accus. case as being the predicate of كان. (O.)

Also sing. of فُصُول in the phrase فُصُولُ السَّنَةِ [The four divisions of the year: namely autumn, winter, spring, and summer], expl. in art. زمن. (Mṣb: see زَمَنٌ.)

And A division, or section, of a باب [or chapter]; as being divided from others, or as forming a division between itself and others, so that it has the meaning of the measure مَفْعُولٌ or that of the measure فَاعِلٌ. (MF, TA.)

And The contr. of أَصْلٌ [as denoting relationship]: there are أُصُول of relationship and فُصُول thereof; [the former meaning the stocks and] the latter meaning the branches. (Mṣb. [See also other explanations of فَصْلٌ as opposed to أصْلٌ under the latter of these words.])

[It is also used as an epithet.] One says قَوْلٌ فَصْلٌ A true say or saying: (M, Ḳ;) not false: thus in the Ḳur [lxxxvi. 15]: (M.) or فَصْلٌ there means distinguishing between what is true and what is false: and relates to the Ḳur án [itself]. (Ksh, Bḍ, Jel.) And it is said of the speech of the Prophet that it was فَصَلٌ لَانَزْرٌ وَلَا هَذَرٌ, (O, TA, but in the latter هَذْرٌ [to assimilate it in form to نَزْرٌ],) meaning Distinct, (O, TA,) clear, or plain, distinguishing between what is true and what is false; (TA;) not little are much. (O.)

And A general طَاعُون [i. e. plague or pestilence] (TA.)

فَصْلَةٌ A transplanted palm-tree; (AḤn, M, Ḳ;) a young palm-tree removed from its place of growth [meaning from its mother-tree]: pl. فَصَلَاتٌ. (TA.) See 8.

فِصَالٌ an inf. n., (Ṣ, Mgh, O,) or a simple subst., (M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) The weaning of a sucking infant. (Ṣ, M, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ.) It is said in the Ḳur [xlvi. 14], وَحَمْلُهُ وَفِصَالُهُ ثَلَاثُونَ شَهْرًا, (O, TA,) meaning And the period of the bearing of him in the womb and thenceforward to the end of the time of the weaning of him is thirty months. (TA.) And one says, هٰذَا زَمَنُ فِصَالِهِ This is the time of the weaning of him. (Mṣb.)

فصِيلٌ A young camel when weaned from his mother: (Ṣ, M, Mgh,* O, Ḳ, TA:) and some times such a young one of the bovine kind: (TA:) [and by a proleptic application,] a young camel [in a general sense], because he is, or will be, weaned from his mother: (Mṣb:) [in the T, voce حُوَارٌ, and in other lexicons, &c., it is applied to a young, newly-born, camel: and in the L, voce سُخْدٌ, to a fœtus in a she-camel's belly: see an ex. of its meaning a young sucking camel (one of many such exs.) in the first paragraph of art. رجل; and a strange similar usage of the first of the following pls. in a verse cited voce خَسْفٌ:] the pl. is فُصْلَانٌ, (Sb, Ṣ, M, Mgh, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) agreeably with rule, (Sb, M,) and فِصْلَانٌ, (Sb, Fr, M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) formed by likening the sing. to غُرَابٌ, of which غِرْبَانٌ is a pl., (Sb, M,) and فِصَالٌ, (Sb, Ṣ, M, Mṣb, Ḳ,) as though it were an epithet, (Sb, M, Mṣb,) like كَرِيمٌ, of which كِرَامٌ, is a pl.: (Mṣb:) and the female is termed فَصِيلَةٌ. (M, Ḳ.)

Also A حَائِط [or wall of enclosure], (M, O, Ḳ,) having little height, (O, Ḳ,) before, or in front of, a fortress; (M, Ḳ;) or (Ḳ) before, or in front of, the [main] wall of a city or town. (O, Ḳ.) One says, وَثَّقُوا سُورَ المَدِينَةِ بِكِبَاشٍ وَفَصِيلٍ [They strengthened the wall of the city by means of buttresses and a low wall in front of it]. (TA.)

And A piece of stone; of the measure فَعِيلٌ in the sense of the measure مَفْعُولٌ. (TA.)

فَصِيلَةٌ A piece of the flesh of the فَخِذ [or thigh]: (Hr, IAth, O, Ḳ, TA:) or, accord. to Th, (O, in the Ḳ “and”) a piece of the limbs, or members, of the body. (O, Ḳ, TA.)

And A man's nearer, or nearest, رَهْط (Ṣ, M, O, Ḳ) and عَشِيرَة (M, Ḳ) [i. e. kinsfolk, or sub-tribe,, &c.]: or [some] of the nearest of the عَشِيرَة of a man: from the first of the significations mentioned in this paragraph: (IAth, TA:) it signifies less than the فَخِذ: (Mgh, Mṣb:) or less than the قَبِيلَة: (TA:) [see شَعْبٌ in two places:] or the nearest to him of the آبَآء [meaning male ancestors and including paternal uncles] of a man: (Th, M, Ḳ, TA:) [or any one of such persons; for] El-ʼAbbás [one of Moḥammad's paternal uncles] was called فَصِيلَةُ النَّبِيِّ: the term is like the مَفْصِل in relation to the human foot. (TA.) جَاؤُوا بِفَصِيلَتِهِمْ means They came, all of them, or all together. (Ṣ, O.)

فَصَّالٌ and epithet applied to a man, (O,) Who praises men much in order that they may bestow upon him: an adventitious, not indigenous, word: (O, Ḳ:) [and] loquacious in every place. (MA.)

فَاصِلٌ [as an act. part. n.] Separating; dividing; or making a separation, or partition. (Mṣb.)

It is said in a trad., مَنْ أَنْفَقَ نَفَقَةً فَاصِلَةً فِى سَبِيل ٱللّٰهِ فَهِىَ بِسَبْعِمِائَة ضِعَفٍ, (Ṣ,* O, Ḳ,*) meaning [Whoso expends expense] such as distinguishes between his belief and his unbelief [i. e. such as distinguishes him as a believer, it shall be rewarded with seven hundred fold]: (Ṣ, O, Ḳ, TA:) or, as some say, such as he cuts off from his property. (TA.) And one says كَلَامٌ فَاصِلٌ (Ḳ and TA in art. فرز) andفَيْصَلٌ↓ (A ibid.) i. q. فَارِزٌ (O and Ḳ, and TA ibid.) i. e. Discriminating language. (TA ibid.) And حُكْمٌ فَاصِلٌ andفَيْصَلٌ↓ [A judgment, or judicial sentence, that is decisive, and therefore meaning,] that has effect; and in like manner,حُكُومَةٌ فَيْصَلٌ↓: andطَعْنَةٌ فَيْصَلٌ↓ [An act of piercing or thrusting with a spear or the like] that decides between the two antagonists. (M, Ḳ, TA.) As an epithet applied to God, الفَاصِلُ means The Decider between the خَلْق [i. e. the human race, or these and other created beings,] on the day of resurrection. (Zj, TA.)

فَيْصَلٌ: see 1, near the middle. It also signifies A cut, or severance, (O, TA,) such as is complete, (TA,) between two persons. (O, TA.)

And it is also an epithet: see فَاصِلٌ, in four places.

And [hence] it signifies † A judge, one who decides judicially, an arbiter, or arbitrator; (Ṣ, O, Ḳ;) and soفَيْصَلِىٌّ↓: (Ibn-ʼAbbád, O, Ḳ:) in the Expos. of the “Miftáh” [of Es-Sekkákee] by the seyyid [El-Jurjánee] it is implied that it is in this sense a tropical intensive appellation. (TA.)

فَاصِلَةٌ A bead [or a bead of gold or a gem] that forms a separation, or division, between the pair of [other] beads [i. e. between every two other beads] in a string thereof. (M, Ḳ. [See also مُفَصَّلٌ.])

And [hence] فَوَاصِلُ, of which it is the sing., † The final words of the verses of the Ḳur-án, (O, Ḳ,) and of the clauses of rhyming prose [in general], (Mṣb and Ḳ and TA in art. سجع,) that are like the rhymes of verses; (O and Ḳ in the present art., and Mṣb and TA in art. سجع;) and [the final words] of verses. (TA in art. سجع.)

مَفْصِلٌ Any place of meeting [or juncture, as being a place of separation,] of two bones of the body and limbs or members; as alsoفَصْلٌ↓: (M, Ḳ:) a single one of the مَفَاصِل of the limbs or members: (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) [a joint such as the elbow and knee and knuckle: and sometimes a joint as meaning a bone having an articulation at each end, or at one end, together with the flesh that is upon it:] in a trad. in which it is said that the mulct for any مَفْصِل of a human being is the third of the mulct for the [whole] finger, it means the مَفْصِل of any of the fingers or toes; i. e. the portion between any أَنْمَلَتَانِ [here meaning two knuckles; but this is a loose and an imperfect explanation; for to it should be added, and also the ungual portion, or portion in which is the nail; for the word is here applied to denote any of the phalanges with the flesh that is upon it: in the T, &c., in art. نمل, one of the explanations of الأَنْمَلَةُ is “the مَفْصِل in which is the nail”]. (TA.)

And [hence] one says, يَأْتِيكَ بِالأَمْرِ مِنْ مَفْصِلِهِ † [He will tell thee the thing, or affair, tracing it from the point on which it turns, or hinges; (like as one says, مِنْ فَصِّهِ, q. v.;) or], from its utmost point or particular, i. e., مُنْتَهَاهُ. (Mṣb.) [This saying may be originally a hemistich, thus:

* وَيَأْتِيكَ بِالأَمْرِ مِنْ مَفْصِلِهْ *

like the similar saying ending with فَصِّهِ.]

In the following saying of Aboo-Dhu-eyb, [the former half of which I give from art. طفل in the Ṣ, the latter half only being cited in the present art. in the Ṣ and M and O,]

* وَإِنَّ حَدِيثًا مِنْكِ لَوْ تَبْذُلِينَهُ *

* جَنَى النَّحْلِ فِى أَلْبَانِ عُوذٍ مَطَافِلِ *

* مَطَافِيلَ أَبْكَارٍ حَدِيثٍ نِتَاجُهَا *

* تُشَابُ بِمَآءٍ مِثْلِ مَآءِ المَفَاصِلِ *

[And verily discourse from thee, if thou wouldst bestow it, would be (like) gathered honey of bees in the milk (lit. milks) of camels such as have recently brought forth, having young ones with them, such as have young ones with them (and) that have brought forth but once, whose bringing forth has been recent, such milk being mixed with water like the water of the مفاصل], المَفَاصِل (which is pl. of مَفْصِلٌ, Ṣ, O) signifies (accord. to Aṣ, Ṣ, O) the place of separation (مُنْفَصَل↓) of the mountain from the tract of sand, these two having between them crushed and small pebbles, so that the water thereof is clear, (Ṣ, M, O,) and glistens, (وَيَبْرُقُ, Ṣ, O,) or and is shallow; (وَيَرِقُّ;) the poet meaning to describe the clearness of the water because of its descending from the mountain and not passing by dust nor earth: (M:) or it signifies hard stones (M, Ḳ) compactly disposed, or heaped up: (M, Ḳ: in the former, مُتَرَاصِفَة: in the latter, مُتَرَاكِمَة:) and (M, Ḳ) it is said to signify (M) what is between two mountains, (M, Ḳ,) consisting of sand and crushed pebbles, the water whereof is clear: (Ḳ:) or, accord. to AO, the water-courses of a valley: (O:) accord. to Abu-l-ʼOmeythil, the clefts in mountains, from which water flows; and only said of what are between two mountains: in the T, the مَفْصِل is said to be any place, in a mountain, upon which the sun does not rise: (TA:) and it is said that مَآءُ المَفَاصِلِ means what flows from between the two joints (مِنْ بَيْنِ المَفْصِلَيْنِ) when one of them is cut from the other; like clear water; and the sing. is مَفْصِلٌ: (M:) AA says that the مفاصل in the verse are the مفاصل of the bones; and that it likens that water to the مآء of the flesh: (O, TA:) and IAạr says the like thereof. (TA.)

المِفْصَلٌ † The tongue; (Ṣ, M, O, Mṣb, Ḳ;) as being likened to an instrument. (Mṣb.)

عِقْدٌ مُفَصَّلٌ A necklace between every two pearls [or other beads] of which is put a bead [of another kind], (Ṣ, O, TA,) or a شَذْرَة [or bead of gold,, &c.], or a gem, to form a division between every two of the same colour, or sort. (TA.)

آيَاتٍ مُفَصَّلَاتٍ, in the Ḳur [vii. 130] means [Signs, or miracles,] between every two whereof was made a separation by a period of delay: or which were made distinct, plain, or manifest. (TA.)

And المُفَصَّلُ is an appellation of The portion of the Ḳur-án from [the chapter entitled] الحُجُرَات [i. e. ch. xlix.] to the end; accord. to the most correct opinion: or from الجَاثِيَة [ch. xlv.]: or from القِتَال [ch. xlvii.]: or from قَاف [ch. l.]: or from الصَّافَّات [ch. xxxvii.]: or from الصَّفّ [ch. lxi.]: or from تَبَارَكَ [ch. lxvii.]: or from إِنَّا فَتَحْنَا [ch. xlviii.]: or from سَبِّحِ ٱسْمَ رَبِّكَ [ch. lxxxvii.]: or from الضُّحَى [ch. xciii.]: (Ḳ:) this portion is thus called because of its many divisions between its chapters: (Mṣb, Ḳ:) or because of the few abrogations therein: (Ḳ:) accord. to the A, it is the portion next after that called المَثَانِى. (TA.)