Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

نَكَسَهُ, (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. ـُ {يَنْكُسُ}, inf. n. نَكْسٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) He turned it over, or upside down; inverted it; reversed it; changed its manner of being, or state: (Sh, Mṣb:*) he turned it over upon its head: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) and he turned it fore part behind; made the first part of it to be last; or put the first part of it last: (Sh:) andنكّسهُ↓, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) inf. n. تَنْكِيسٌ, (Ṣ,) signifies the same; (Ṣ,* A, Ḳ;) or has an intensive sense. (TA.) You say, نُكِسَ السَّهْمُ فِى الكِنَانَةِ The arrow was turned, or put, upside down in the quiver. (TA.) And it is said in the Ḳur, [xxxvi. 68,] وَمَنْ نُعَمِّرْهُ نَنْكُسْهُ فِى الخَلْقِ, or, accord. to the reading of 'Ásim and Hamzeh, نُنَكِّسْهُ↓; meaning, And him whom We cause to live long, We cause him to become in a state the reverse of that in which he was, in constitution; so that after strength, he becomes reduced to weakness; and after youthfulness, to extreme old age. (TA.)

نَكَسْتُ فُلَانًا فِى ذٰلِكَ الأَمْرِ † I made such a one to enter again into that affair, or state, after he had got out of it. (ISh.) [Hence the saying in the Ḳur, xxi. 66,] ثُمَّ نُكِسُوا عَلَى رُؤُوسِهِمْ † Then they were made to return to their disbelief: (Jel:) or ‡ then they reverted to disputation, after they had taken the right course by means of consulting together; their return to falsity being likened to a thing's becoming upside down: and there are two other readings; نُكِّسُوا↓, and نَكَسُوا; the latter meaning نَكَسُوا أَنْفُسَهُمْ: (Bḍ;) or † then they reverted from what they knew, of the evidence in favour of Abraham. (Fr.)

[And hence,] نَكَسَهُ, and نَكَسَهُ إِلَى مَرَضِهِ, ‡ [It made him to fall back into his disease.] (TA, in art. هيض.) And نُكِسَ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) or نُكِسَ فِى مَرَضِهِ, (A, TA,) inf. n. نُكْسٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and نَكْسٌ (TA, [but see what is said of this below]) and نُكَاسٌ, (Sh, Ḳ,) ‡ He relapsed into his disease, after convalescence, or after recovery, but not complete, of health and strength: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) or the disease returned to him; [he relapsed into the disease;] as though he were made to turn back to it. (Mṣb.) You say, أَكَلَ كَذَا فَنُكِسَ ‡ [He ate such a thing, and relapsed into his disease]. (A, TA.) And تَعْسًا لَهُ وَنُكْسًا, and sometimes one says, نَكْسًا, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) in this case, (Ṣ,) for the sake of mutual resemblance, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) or because نَكْسًا is a dial form [of نُكْسًا], (Ṣ,) [meaning, † May he fall upon his face, or the like, (see art. تعس,) and relapse into disease: or] may he fall upon his face, and not rise after his fall until he fall a second time: and in like manner you say, تَعَسَ وَٱنْتَكَسَ↓. (Mṣb, art. تعس.) [See also 8.] You say also, نُكِسَ الجُرْحُ † [The wound broke open again; or became recrudescent]. (Ṣ, in arts. عرب and حبط, &c.)

And نَكَسَ الطَّعَامُ وَغَيْرُهُ دَآءَ المَرِيضِ ‡ The food, &c., made the disease of the sick man to return. (Ḳ.) And نَكَسَ الخِضَابَ عَلَى رَأْسِهِ ‡ He put the dye upon his head repeatedly, or several times. (A, TA.*)

Also نَكَسَ [or more probably نُكِسَ] † He (a man) became weak and impotent. (Sh, in TA.) And نُكِسَ عَنْ نُظَرَائِهِ, like عُنِىَ, † He fell short of his fellows; was unable to attain to them. (TA.)

نَكَسَ رَأْسَهُ, andنكّسهُ↓, (TA,) [and نَكَسَ alone, (see نَاكِسٌ,)] andنكّس↓, (L, TA, art. بقر,) andانتكس↓, (TA,) [and in like manner تنكّس↓, said of a flower-stalk in the M and Ḳ, voce قِشْبٌ,] He bent, or inclined, his head; (TA;) he lowered, or stooped, his head; bent, or hung, it down towards the ground; absolutely; or by reason of abasement. (So accord. to explanations of the act. part. n., below.)

انتكس quasi-pass. of نَكَسَهُ; (Ṣ, A, TA;) [and therefore signifying It became turned over, or upside down; became turned over upon its head; became inverted; became reversed; became changed in its manner of being, or state; it became turned fore part behind; its first part was made to be last, or was put last:] he fell upon his head. (Ḳ.) This last signification [understood figuratively] it is said to have in the phrase تَعَسَ وَٱنْتَكَسَ, a form of imprecation, meaning, † May he be disappointed, or fail, of attaining his desire: for he who is overthrown in his affair (مَن ٱنْتَكَسَ فِى أَمْرِهِ) is disappointed of attaining his desire, and suffers loss. (TA.) [See also 1, where this form of imprecation is differently explained.]

Also, i. q. نَكَّسَ رَأَسَهُ. (TA.) [See 1, last signification.]

نِكْسٌ An arrow having its notch broken, and its top therefore made its bottom: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) pl. [of pauc.] أَنْكَاسٌ (A, TA) and [of mult.] نُكُسٌ. (A.)

A head, or blade, of an arrow, &c., having its tongue (سِنْخ) broken, and its point therefore made its tongue: (Ḳ:) pl. أَنْكَاسٌ. (TA.)

A bow of which the foot is made [of] the head of the branch; as alsoمَنْكُوسَةٌ↓. This peculiarity is a fault. (Ḳ.)

A child such as is termed يَتْنٌ [born preposterously, feet foremost; but يَتْنٌ is an inf. n., and I have not found it used as an epithet anywhere but in this instance]; (Ḳ;) i. q. مَنْكُوسٌ; and mentioned by IDrd; but he says that it is not of established authority. (TA.)

‡ Low, or ignoble; base; vile; mean, or sordid: See a verse cited voce أَشَّعَلَ: (A:) ‡ one who falls short of the utmost point of generosity; (Ḳ;) or of courage and generosity: (TA:) † weak; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) applied to a man: (Ṣ:) † short: (AḤn:) pl. أَنْكَاسٌ. (A, Ḳ.)

See also مُنَكِّسٌ:

and نُكُسٌ.

نُكَسٌ, [app. pl. of نِكْسٌ,] † Old men tottering by reason of age (مُدْرَهِمُّونَ) after attaining to extreme old age. (Ḳ.)

نَاكِسٌ Lowering his head; bending, or hanging, down his head towards the ground; [absolutely;] (Ṣ, Ḳ;) [or] by reason of abasement: (TA:) pl. [properly نَاكِسُونَ; (see Ḳur, xxxii. 12;) and sometimes] نَوَاكِسُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) used [only] in poetry, (Ṣ, TA,) by reason of necessity, (TA,) and anomalous, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) like فَوَارِسُ. (Ṣ.) El-Farezdaḳ says,

* وَإِذَا الرِّجَالُ رَأَوْا يَزِيدَ رَأَيْتَهُم *

* خُضُعَ الرِّقَابِ نَوَاكِسَ الأَبْصَارِ *

[And when the men see Yezeed, thou seest them depressed in the necks, lowering the eyes]: (Ṣ:) thus the verse is related by Fr and Ks: Akh says, that it is allowable to say نَوَاكِسِ الأَبْصَارِ, after the manner of the phrase حُجْرُ ضَبٍّ خَرِبٍ; [see art. خرب;] and Aḥmad Ibn-Yaḥyà adds ى in relating it; saying نَوَاكِسِى الأَبْصَارِ. (TA.) [See the remarks on فَوَارِسُ, pl. of فَارِسٌ.]

مُنَكِّسٌ A horse that does not raise, or elevate, his head, (Ṣ, IF, Ḳ,) nor his neck, when running, by reason of weakness: (IF, Ḳ:) or that has not reached the other horses (Lth, Ḳ) in their heat, or single run to a goal; (Lth;) i. e., by reason of his weakness and impotence; as alsoنِكْسٌ↓. (TA.)

وَلَدٌ مَنْكُوسٌ A child [preposterously brought forth]; whose feet come forth before his head. (A, Mṣb, and so in a copy of the Ṣ.) See also نِكْسٌ.

وِلَادٌ مَنْكُوسٌ [Preposterous childbirth] is when the feet come forth before the head; (Ḳ, and so in a copy of the Ṣ, [and that this is what was meant by the author of the Ṣ seems to be indicated by what immediately follows]) i. q. يَتْنُ. (Ṣ.)

طَوَافٌ مَنْكُوسٌ A circuiting of the Kaabeh performed in a way contrary to the prescribed custom, by saluting the black stone and then going towards the left. (Mgh.)

قَرَأَ القُرَآنَ مَنْكُوسًا He read or recited, the Ḳur-án, beginning from the last part thereof, (Ḳ,) i. e. from [the commencement of the latter of] the مُعَوِّذَتَانِ [or last two chapters], (TA,) and ending with the فَاتِحَة [or first chapter]; contrary to the prescribed mode: (TA:) or beginning from the end of the chapter, and reading it, or reciting it, to its beginning, invertedly; (Ḳ;) a mode which AʼObeyd thinks impossible; and therefore he holds the former explanation to be the right: (TA:) each of these practices is disapproved, excepting the former in teaching children, [in which case it is generally adopted in the present day,] (Ḳ,) and [in teaching] the foreigner the [portion of the Ḳur-án called the] مُفَصَّل; an indulgence being granted to these two only because the long chapters are difficult to them: but if any one knows the Ḳur-án by heart, and intentionally recite it from the last part thereof to the first, this is forbidden: and if we disapprove this, still more is the reciting from the end of the chapter to the beginning disapproved, if the doing this be possible. (TA.)

مَنْكُوسٌ also signifies ‡ Suffering a relapse into disease, after convalescence; or after recovery, but not complete, of health and strength. (Ḳ.)

مَنْكُوسَةٌ applied to a bow: see نِكْسٌ.