Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

جَلَدَهُ, (Ṣ, A, Mgh, &c.,) aor. ـِ {يَجْلِدُ}, (Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. جَلْدٌ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb,) He hit, or hurt, his skin; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) like as you say, رَأَسَهُ, and بَطَنَهُ: (Ṣ:) he beat his skin: (Mgh:) he beat him; namely, a criminal: (Mṣb:) he struck him with a whip, and with a sword: (TA:) he flogged him (A, Ḳ) with a whip, (Ḳ,) or with whips: (A:) جَلَدْتُ is sometimes written and pronounced جَلَدُّ. (MF on the letter د.) You say, جَلَدَهُ الحَدَّ, inf. n. as above, He inflicted upon him the flogging ordained by the law. (Ṣ, L.)

جَلَدَتِ الحَيَّةُ The serpent bit: (Ḳ:) or, accord. to some, one says of the serpent called أَسْوَدُ, specially, يَجْلِدُ بِذَنَبِهِ [it strikes with its tail]. (TA.)

جَلَدَ جَارِيَتَهُ, (Ḳ,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) ‡ He lay with his young woman, or female slave. (Ḳ, TA.) [Hence,] جَلَدَ عُمَيْرَةَ [† i. q. نَكَحَ اليَدَ], a metonymical phrase: جَلْدُ عُمَيْرَةَ meaning الخَضْخَضَةُ, and الاِسْتِمْنَآءُ بِاليَدِ, also termed التَّدْلِيلُ, and الاِعْتِمَارُ: the similar act of a woman is termed الإِلْطَافُ. (Ḥar p. 572.)

جَلَدَ بِهِ الأَرْضَ He smote the ground with him; (TA;) he threw him down prostrate on the ground. (A, TA.) And جُلِدَ بِهِ He fell down (Ḳ, TA) upon the ground by reason of much sleepiness; as also جُلِدَ بِهِ نُوْمًا. (TA.) كُنْتُ أَتَشَدَّدُ فَيُجْلَدُ بِى, in a trad., means [I used to exert my strength, or energy, but] sleep would overcome me so that I fell down. (L.)

جَلَدَهُ عَلَى الأَمْرِ ‡ He compelled him against his will to do the thing. (A, Ḳ.)

يُجْلَدُ بِكُلِّ خَيْرٍ (or, as related by AḤát, يجلذ, with ذ, TA) ‡ He is imagined to possess every good quality. (A, Ḳ.) But the saying of EshSháfi'ee كَانَ مُجَالِدٌ يُجْلَدُ means † Mujálid used to be pronounced a liar, (Ḳ, TA,) or suspected and accused of lying. (TA.)

جُلِدَتِ الأَرْضُ, (Ṣ, L, Mṣb,) the verb being in the pass. form, (Mṣb,) or جَلِدَت, (A, Ḳ,) a verb of the same form as فَرِحَ; (Ḳ;) [or both may be correct, like ضُرِبَت and ضَرِبَت in the same sense;] andأَجْلَدَت↓; (Ḳ;) [but this last I believe to be a mistake for أُجْلِدَت, like أُضْرِبَت;] The land was, or became, affected or smitten, by hoar-frost, or rime. (Ṣ, A, L, Mṣb, Ḳ.) And جلد البَقْلُ [in the TA جَلِدَ] The herbs, or leguminous plants, were, or became, affected, or smitten, thereby. (L, TA.) Andأُجْلِدُوا↓ They (men) were, or became, affected, or smitten, thereby. (L, Ḳ.)

جَلُدَ, aor. ـُ {يَجْلُدُ}, inf. n. جَلَادَةٌ and جُلُودَةٌ and جَلَدٌ (or this last is a simple subst., L) and مَجْلُودٌ, an inf. n. like مَحْلُوفٌ and مَعْقُولٌ, (Ṣ, or from تَجَلَّدَ, M in art. عسر,) He (a man, Ṣ, L) was, or became, hardy, strong, sturdy, (Ṣ,* L, Ḳ,*) and enduring, or patient. (L.)

جلّد, (IAạr, T, Ṣ, Mgh,) inf. n. تَجْلِيدٌ, (T, Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ,) He skinned a camel (IAạr, T, Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ) that had been slaughtered: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) one seldom uses سَلَخَ thus [in relation to a camel]. (Ṣ.)

Also He covered a thing with skin; as, for instance, a pair of socks, or stockings: (Mgh:) and in like manner, [he bound] a book: (A, Ḳ:*) and he clad a young camel in the skin of another young camel: (L: [see جَلَدٌ:]) thus the verb bears two contr. significations. (Mgh.)

[He ordered to be flogged. (Freytag's Lex.: but without any indication of an authority.)]

[He, or it, rendered a man hardy, strong, sturdy, and enduring, or patient: so in the present day.]

جالدهُ He contended with him in fight, whether the fight were with swords or not. (A in art. طرد.) You say, جالدهُ بِالسَّيْفِ, (L,) inf. n. مُجَالَدَةٌ (Ṣ, A, L) and جِلَادٌ, (A, L,) He contended with him in fight with the sword. (Ṣ,* A, L.) And جَالَدُوهُمْ بِالسُّيُوفِ They contended with them in fight with swords. (A.) And جالدوا بِالسُّيُوفِ, (Ḳ, TA,) andتجالدوا↓ (Ṣ, A, L, and so in the CK instead of جالدوا) بالسيوف, (Ṣ,) andاجتلدوا↓, (Ṣ, A, L,) They contended, one with another, in fight with swords. (Ṣ, A,* L, Ḳ.)

[See also حَاضَرَهُ.]

اجلدهُ إِلَيْهِ † He constrained, compelled, or necessitated, him to have recourse to, or betake himself to, him, or it: (so in some copies of the Ḳ:) or he made him to stand in need of, or to want, him, or it. (AA, L, and so in some copies of the Ḳ and in the TA.)

أَجْلَدَتِ الأَرْضُ [or أُجْلِدَت]: and أُجْلِدُوا: see 1.

تجلّد He affected hardiness, strength, sturdiness, and endurance, or patience; constrained himself to behave with hardiness,, &c. (Ṣ,* A,* L, Ḳ.*) So in the phrase تجلّد لِلشَّامِتِينَ [He constrained himself to behave with hardiness,, &c., to those who rejoiced at his misfortune]. (A, TA.) In the phrase تجلّد عَنْهُ [He constrained himself to endure with hardiness and patience the loss, or want, of him, or it], the verb is made trans. by means of عن because it implies the meaning of تَصَبَّرَ. (L.)

Also He feigned, or made a show of, hardiness, strength, sturdiness, and endurance, or patience. (L.)

see 3.

اجتلد الإِنَآءَ, (AZ, TA,) or مَافِى الإِنَآءِ, (Ḳ,) He drank all that was in the vessel; (AZ, Ḳ, TA;) as also احتلد. (AZ, TA.)

جَلْدٌ (sometimes pronounced جَضْدٌ, Ṣ) andجَلِيدٌ↓, (applied to a man, Ṣ, A, Mgh,) Hardy, strong, sturdy, (Ṣ,* A,* L, Ḳ,*) and enduring, or patient: (L:) not بَلِيد [q. v.]: (Mgh:) pl. [of either] جُلْدٌ, (Ṣ, L, Ḳ,) or جُلُدٌ, (so in some copies of the Ḳ,) and جُلَدَآءُ and أَجْلَادٌ [a pl. of pauc.] (Ṣ, L, Ḳ) and جِلَادٌ. (Ḳ.) And [the fem.] جَلْدَةٌ A hardy and strong she-camel; strong to labour and to journey; that heeds not the cold: and also swift: pl. جَلْدَاتٌ: (L:) and a she-camel that yields a copious flow of milk: (Th, TA:) sing. of جِلَادٌ, (Ṣ,) which signifies she-camels abounding with milk; as also مَجَالِيدُ, (Ḳ,) pl. ofمِجْلَادٌ↓; (TA;) or she-camels having neither milk nor young: (Ḳ:) [see also جَلَدٌ:] or she-camels that yield the most greasy, or unctuous, sort of milk: and so the sing., جلدة, applied to a ewe or a she-goat. (Ṣ.) جِلَادٌ (pl. of جَلْدَةٌ, TA) is also applied to palm-trees, meaning Large, hard, hardy, or strong: (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA:) or such as are not affected by drought. (TA.) And تَمْرَةٌ جَلْدَةٌ signifies A tough-skinned, excellent, date; as alsoجِلْدَةٌ↓: and a hard, compact, date. (L.)

جِلْدٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.,) the only form of the word mentioned by the generality of the lexicographers; (TA;) occurring at the end of a verse with kesr to the second as well as the first letter, جِلِدٌ↓, agreeably with a license allowed to a poet in such a case, to give to a quiescent letter in a rhyme the same vowel as that which the preceding letter has; (Ṣ;) andجَلَدٌ↓, (IAạr, Ṣ, Ḳ,) like شِبْهٌ and شَبَهٌ, and مِثْلٌ and مَثَلٌ; but this is said by ISk to be unknown; (Ṣ;) The skin of any animal; (Ḳ;) the integument of the body and limbs of an animal: (Az, Mṣb:) or the exterior of the بَشَرَةٌ [or upper skin] of an animal: (Mṣb: [but this is a strange explanation:]) pl. جُلُودٌ (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ) and (sometimes, Mṣb) أَجْلَادٌ [a pl. of pauc.]. (Mṣb, Ḳ.)

[The pl.] أَجْلَادٌ signifies also, andتَجَالِيدُ↓ likewise, The body and limbs (Ṣ, A, L) of a man; (Ṣ;) the whole person, or body and limbs, of a human being; (L, Ḳ;) and his self: (L:) so called because enclosed by the skin: pl. of the former, أَجَالِدُ. (L.) You say, مَا أَشْبَهَ أَجْلَادَهُ بِأَجْلَادِ أَبِيهِ How like are his person and body to the person and body of his father! (L.) And فُلَانٌ عَظِيمُ الأَجْلَادِ andالتَّجَالِيدِ↓ (A, L) Such a one is large and strong (L) in respect of the body and limbs. (A, L.) And رُدُّوا الأَيْمَانَ عَلَى أَجْلَادِهِمْ Repeat ye the oaths to the persons, themselves: occurring in a trad.: said on the occasion of a man's entering among others of whom an oath had been demanded. (L.)

الجِلْدُ also signifies † The penis. (Fr, L, Ḳ: but in the CK, in this sense, it is written الجَلْدُ.) Agreeably with this explanation, its pl. جُلُود is said by Fr to be used in the Ḳur xli. 20: (L:) or as meaning the pudenda: (L, Ḳ:) but ISd holds that this word there means the skins, with which, as in manual operations, acts of disobedience are performed. (L.)

جَلَدٌ: see جِلْدٌ.

Also The skin of a camel, or other beast, with which another beast is clothed: (L:) the skin of a young camel, which (being stripped off, Ṣ) is put over the body of another young camel, in order that the mother of the skinned young one (smelling it, Ṣ) may conceive an affection for it [and suckle it]: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or the skin of a young camel, which is stuffed with panic grass (ثُمَام), (Ḳ, TA,) or some other plant, (TA,) and put before a she-camel, in order that she may be induced thereby to affect that which is not her young one [and so yield her milk], (Ḳ, TA,) or, to affect the young one of another. (L, TA.)

A ewe or she-goat whose young one dies at the time of her bringing it forth; as alsoجَلَدَةٌ↓: pl. [of the former] جِلَادٌ and [of the latter] جَلَدَاتٌ. (TA.)

Also, [as a coll. gen. n.,] Great she-camels, having neither young ones nor milk; n. un. with ة {جَلَدَةٌ}: (Ṣ:) [see also جَلْدٌ:] or great camels, among which are no little ones; (Ḳ;) n. un. with ة {جَلَدَةٌ}: (TA:) and (app. as a quasi-pl. n., TA) sheep or goats, and camels, having neither young ones nor milk; (Ḳ;) app. meaning having no little ones to which they give such: (Moḥammad Ibn-El-Mukarram, TA:) or she-camels having no young ones with them, so that they endure patiently the heat and cold: (Fr, TA:) or she-camels having no milk, and the young ones of which have gone away from them; including what are called بَنَاتُ اللَّبُونِ, and such as are above these in age; and also such as are called مَخَاصٌ, and عِشَارٌ, and حِيَالٌ; but when they have given birth to their young, they cease to be termed جَلَدٌ, and are called عِشَارٌ, and لِقَاحٌ: the pl. is أَجْلَادٌ and [pl. pl.] أَجَالِيدُ. (Az, TA.)

Hard ground; as alsoأَجْلَدُ↓: (Ṣ:) or hard and level ground; as alsoجَلَدَةٌ↓: (Ḳ:) or level but rough ground; (L;) as alsoأَجْلَدُ↓: (TA:) pl. (of the former, TA) أَجْلَادٌ and (of the latter, TA) أَجَالِدُ. (Ṣ, TA.) You also say أَرْضٌ جَلَدٌ, with fet-ḥ to the ل; (AḤn, TA;) andجَلْدَةٌ↓, with a quiescent ل; (Lth, AḤn, TA;) andارض جَلَدَةٌ↓ also; and مَكَانٌ جَلَدٌ. (Lth, TA.)

Also, as a subst. or an inf. n., (L, [see جَلُدَ,]) Hardiness, strength, sturdiness, (Ṣ,* A,* L, Ḳ,*) and endurance, or patience. (T.)

جِلْدَةٌ a more particular term than جِلْدٌ; (Ṣ, L;) signifying A piece, or portion, of skin. (L.)

One says also جِلْدَةُ العَيْنِ [app. meaning The eyelid]. (TA.)

And قَوْمٌ مِنْ جِلْدَتِنَا A people, or company of men, of ourselves, and of our kinsfolk. (TA.)

See also جَلْدٌ.

جَلِيدٌ A woman flogged with a whip; as also with ة {جَلِيدَةٌ}: pl. جَلْدَى and جَلَائِدُ: (Lḥ, L:) the former pl. thought by ISd to be of the former sing.; and the latter, of the latter. (L.)

Hoarfrost, or rime; i. e. dew that falls (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) from the sky (Ṣ) upon the ground (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) and congeals; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) also called ضَرِيبٌ and سَقِيطٌ; (Ṣ;) like صَقِيعٌ. (Mṣb.)

Congealed, or frozen, water; ice. (TA.)

See also جَلْدٌ.

جُلَيْدَةٌ [dim. of جِلْدَةٌ] One of the طَبَقَات [coats, or tunics,] of the eye. (TA.)

جُلُودِىٌّ [A dealer in skins;] a rel. n. from جُلُودٌ, pl. of جِلْدٌ. (TA.)

جَلَّادٌ One whose office it is to flog others with a whip. (Mgh.) [In the present day, An executioner, in a general sense.]

مِجْلَدٌ A piece of skin which a wailing woman holds in her hand, and with which she slaps (Ṣ, Ḳ) her face (Ṣ) or her cheek: (Ḳ:) pl. مَجَالِيدُ; (Kr, Ḳ;) or, as ISd thinks, this is pl. ofمِجْلَادٌ↓ [as syn. with مِجْلَدٌ], for مِفْعَلٌ and مِفْعَالٌ are often interchangeable as measures of words of this kind. (TA.)

مُجَلَّدٌ Covered with skin: thus applied to a pair of socks, or stockings, meaning having skin put upon the upper and lower parts. (Mgh.) [A book, or portion of a book, bound:]

[and hence, A volume: pl. مُجَلَّدَاتٌ.]

A bone covered only by the skin; having nothing remaining on it but the skin. (Ḳ.)

A horse [rendered hardy and enduring;] that is not frightened by, (Ḳ,) or not impatient at, (Ṣ, and so in some copies of the Ḳ,) being beaten (Ṣ, Ḳ) with the whip. (TA.)

A certain quantity of a burden, or load, of known measure and weight; (Ḳ;) six hundred pounds' weight. (IAạr, TA in art. بهر.)

مُجَلِّدٌ One who binds books, or covers them with skin. (Ḳ.)

مَجْلُودٌ [Having his skin hit, hurt, or beaten: flogged:, &c.: see also جَلِيدٌ].

أَرْضٌ مَجْلُودَةٌ Land affected, or smitten, by hoar-frost, or rime. (Ṣ, A, L, Mṣb, Ḳ.)

مَجْلُودٌ is also an inf. n. of جَلُدَ [q. v.]. (Ṣ, L, Ḳ.)

مُجْتَلَدٌ A place of contending in fight with swords. (L from a trad.)