Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

زَادَ, (Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,) aor. يَزِيدُ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb,) inf. n. زِيَادَةٌ (Ṣ, A,* Mṣb, Ḳ *) and زَيْدٌ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ,*) with which are syn. زِيدٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and زَيَدٌ (Ḳ) and مَزِيدٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and زَيْدَانٌ, which last is anomalous, like شَنْآنٌ (Ḳ) and لَيَّانٌ, said to be the only instances of the kind, (TA,) all as inf. ns., (TḲ,) and so is مَزَادٌ, (TA,) and J adds that زُوَادَةٌ is mentioned by Yaạḳoob, from Ks, from El-Bekree, as syn. with زِيَادَةٌ, but this is a mistake, which is unfairly imputed to J by the author of the Ḳ, (MF,) [who says,] as to الزُّوَادَةُ, it is a mistranscription by J, for the words are الزُّوَارَةُ and الزِّيَارَةُ, [in the CK الرُّوادةُ and الرِّيادةُ,] with ر, and without the mention of [the signification of] النُّمُوُّ, (Ḳ, TA,) It (a thing, Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, [as, for ex.,] water, and property, A) increased, or augmented, or grew; (Ṣ, A, TA;) [and in like manner said of a man, and of any animal;] as alsoاِزْدَادَ↓: (Ṣ, A, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ:) or this latter has a more intensive signification than the former, like اِكْتَسَبَ in relation to كَسَبَ. (MF. [See also 5.]) In this sense it has a single objective complement; as in زَادَ كَذَا It, or he, increased, or augmented, or grew, in such a thing; as alsoاِزْدَادَ↓. (TA.) [The latter is more commonly used in this manner.] You say,اِزْدَدْتُ↓ مَالًا (A, Mgh, Mṣb) [I increased in property: also] meaning I increased to myself, or for myself, property. (Mgh,* Mṣb.) Andازداد↓ الأَمْرُ صُعُوبَةً [The affair increased in difficulty]. (A.)

[Also It exceeded; it was, or became, redundant, or superfluous; it remained over and above. And زَادَ عَلَيْهِ It exceeded it; as alsoتزايد↓.] You say, زَادَ عَلَى الشَّىْءِ ضِعْفَهُ [It exceeded the thing by the like thereof, or more]. (A.) And زَادَ عَلَى مَا أَرَادَ [It exceeded what he desired]. (A.)

Also He gave an addition: so in the saying,مَنْ زَادَ وَٱزْدَادَ↓ فَقَدْ أَرْبَى He who gives an addition, and who takes it, [each of these] practises usury. (Mṣb.)

[And He added, or exaggerated.] يَزِيدُ فِى حَدِيثِهِ [He adds, or exaggerates, in his narration, or talk, or discourse,] is said of a liar. (A and TA voce سَرَّاجٌ. [See also 5.])

It is also trans.: (Mṣb:) you say, زَادَهُ, aor. يَزِيدُهُ, inf. n. زِيَادَةٌ, He increased it, or augmented it. (L.) And in this sense it is doubly trans.: (MF:) you say, زَادَهُ ٱللّٰهُ خَيْرًا, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) or مَالًا, (A,) [God increased to him, or added to him, good fortune or prosperity or the like, or property; increased, or added to, his good fortune,, &c.; or may God increase, &c.;] as alsoزَيَّدَهُ↓: (Ḳ:) and زَادَ فِيمَا عِنْدَهُ, (Ṣ,) or فِى مَالِهِ, (A,) [He increased, or added to, what he possessed or his possessions, or his property; or may He (i. e. God) increase, &c.]

زَادَهُ also signifies He gave him an increase, or an addition, or more. (Mṣb.) See 10.

You say also, مَا يَزِيدُكَ أَحَدٌ عَلَيْهِ [No one is more sufficient for thee than he]. (Ḳ in art. زند. [See 4 in that art.]) And لَا يَزِيدُكَ عَلَيْهِ جَمَلٌ No camel will be more sufficient for thee than he; i. q. لَا يَضُرُّكَ. (ISk, Ṣ in art. ضر [in which see other exs.].)

زيّد, [inf. n. تَزْيِيدٌ,] said of property, It increased, or augmented, much. (A.)

See also 1, latter part.

زايد أَحَدُ المُتَبَايِعَيْنِ الآخَرَ, inf. n. مُزَايَدَةٌ, [One of the two persons buying together outbade the other: see also 6.] (A.)

تزيّد It (a price, Ṣ, A) was, or became, excessive, or dear; (Ṣ, A, Ḳ;) as alsoتزايد↓. (A, TA.)

He added, or exaggerated, (MA,) or lied, (Ṣ, MA, Ḳ,) in narration, or discourse. (Ṣ, MA. [See also 1, latter half.]) And He affected to exceed the due bounds in his narration, or discourse, and his speech; (TA;) he affected excess in speech, &c.; (Ḳ, TA;) i. e. in speech and in action; (TA;) as alsoتزايد↓: (Ḳ:) or التَّزَيُّدُ فِى الحَدِيثِ means the embellishing narration, or discourse, with lies, and adding in it what does not belong to it. (Ḥar p. 195.) In the verse of 'Adee cited in art. زند, the last word is تَزَيَّدِ as some relate it, or تَزَنَّدِ as others relate it. (TA.)

He went a pace exceeding that termed العَنَق. (Ṣ, Ḳ. [See also ذَمَلَ, and نَصَبَ السَّيْرَ, and وَسَجَ.]) And تزيّدت She (A camel) stretched forth her neck, and went a pace exceeding that termed العَنَق, as though she were swimming with her rider: (A, TA:) and in like manner one says of a mare, or horse. (TA.) And تزيّدت الإِبِلُ فِى سَيْرِهَا The camels tasked themselves in their pace beyond their ability. (TA.)

تزايد [It increased, augmented, or grew, gradually; contr. of تَنَاقَصَ]. See also 1. And see 5, in two places. تزايدوا عَلَى السِّلْعَةِ [They bade, one against another, for the commodity, or article of merchandise, successively raising the price]: said of the people of a market when a commodity is sold to him who bids more than others. (L.) And تزايدوا فِى الثَّمَنِ حَتَّى بَلَغَ مُنْتَهَاهُ [They augmented the price, one outbidding another, until it attained its utmost]. (A, TA.)

اِزْدَادَ [originally اِزْتَادَ]: see 1, in four places.

Also He took an addition. (Mṣb.) See, again, 1.

Also He took in addition: so in the saying, إِذَا ٱزْدَادَ الرَّاهِنُ دَرَاهِمَ مِنَ المُرْتَهِنِ [When the pledger takes money in addition from the receiver of the pledge]. (Mgh.) One says also, اِزْدَدْ مِنَ الخَيْرِ [Obtain thou, or gain thou, somewhat in addition of what is good: or it may mean seek thou, or desire thou, an increase, or addition, of what is good]. (A.) See what next follows, in two places.

استزاد He sought, or desired, or demanded, an increase, an addition, or more; (A, Mgh, Mṣb;) as alsoاِزْدَادَ↓; whence the saying, to a man to whom a thing has been given, هَلْ تَزْدَادُ↓ Dost thou seek, or desire, or demand, more than what I have given thee? (L.)

[Hence,] هُوَ يَسْتَزِيدُ فِى حَدِيثِهِ [He seeks, or desires, to add, or exaggerate, or to exceed the due bounds, or to embellish with lies and additions, in his narration, or discourse]. (A, TA. [See also 5.])

استزادهُ He sought, or desired, or demanded, of him an increase, an addition, or more. (Mṣb, Ḳ.) You say,لَوِ ٱسْتَزَدْتُهُ لَزَادَنِى↓ If I had sought, or desired, or demanded, an increase,, &c., he had given me an increase,, &c. (Mṣb.)

[And hence,] ‡ He reckoned him, or held him, to have fallen short of doing what he ought to have done, (Ṣ, A, Ḳ, TA,) and complained of him, (A, TA,) or reproved him, for a thing that he did not approve. (TA.) And كَتَبَ إِلَيْهِ كِتَابَ ٱسْتِزَادَةٍ ‡ [He wrote to him a letter of complaint, or reproof, for his having fallen short,, &c.; requiring him to do more]. (A.)

زَيْدٌ an inf. n. of زَادَ. (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb.)

[Hence,] هُمْ زَيْدٌ عَلَى مِائَةٍ (Ṣ, A, L) andزِيدٌ↓ (Ṣ, L) andزِياَدَةٌ↓ (A) ‡ [They are more than a hundred].

زِيَادَةٌ an inf. n. of زَادَ. (Ṣ, Mṣb.) Using it as an inf. n., (Mṣb,) you say, اِفْعَلْ ذٰلِكَ زِيَادَةً [meaning Do thou that in addition]: (Ṣ, Mṣb:) the vulgar sayزَائِدَةً↓, (Ṣ,) which one should not say. (Mṣb.) [Hence also,] حُرُوفُ الزِّيَادَةِ [The letters of augmentation; or the augmentative letters; i. e. the letters that are added to the radical letters in Arabic words]: they are ten, and are comprised in the saying, سَأَلْتُمُونِيهَا [“Ye asked me for them”], (TA,) and in أَلْيَوْمَ تَنْسَاهُ [“Today thou wilt forget it”]; (Ḳ, TA;) and more than a hundred and thirty other combinations comprising them have been mentioned: (MF:) [these letters are also called زَوَائِدُ, of which the sing. is زَائِدَةٌ↓.] See also زَيْدٌ.

[As a simple subst., or a subst. properly so termed, it signifies An increase, or increment; and augmentation, or augment; an addition, additament, adjunct, or accessory: an accession: excess, redundance, or superfluity: and a redundant part or portion or appertenance; a surplus; a residue: an excrescence: pl. زِيَادَاتٌ and زَيائِدُ.]

[Hence,] إِبِلٌ كَثِيرَةُ الزَّيَائِدِ i.e. الزِّيَادَات [Camels having much increase; lit., much, or many, increases]. (Ḳ.) A poet says,

* بِهَجْمَةٍ تَمْلَأُ عَيْنَ الحَاسِدِ *

* ذَاتِ سُرُوحٍ جَمَّةِ الزَّيَائِدِ *

[With a herd of forty or more camels, that fill, or glut, the eye of the envier, enjoying pasturing by themselves, having much increase]: some say, [in citing this verse,] الزَّوَائِدِ, which is pl. ofزَائِدَةٌ↓; but الزوائد is said only in relation to the legs of a beast. (L.)

[Hence also,] زِيَادَةُ الكَبِدِ, (so in a copy of the Ṣ, and in the A and L, and in several places in the Ḳ,) orزَائِدَةُ↓ الكَبِدِ, (so termed by Zj, and so in the T, and in two copies of the Ṣ, and in the L,) both of which are correct, (TA,) [The redundant appertenance of the liver;] a certain small piece to which the liver is attached, or suspended: (Zj, in his “Khalk el-Insán:”) or a certain small appertenance of the liver (هُنَيَّةٌ مِنْهَا صَغِيرَةٌ), at its side, going away from it (مُتَنَحِّيَةٌ عَنْهَا): (Ṣ, L:) or a certain piece appended, or attached, to the liver (مُعَلَّقَةٌ بِهَا): (A:) or a certain appendage of the liver; [so I render هَنَةٌ مُتَعَلِّقَةٌ مِنْهَا, agreeably with the next preceding explanation; though it may be rendered a thing suspended from it, i.e. from the liver; or the right reading may be هنة متعلّقة بِهَا, which is virtually the same as the explanation in the A, and agreeable with what here follows: so called] because it is a redundance (تَزِيدُ) upon its upper surface: (L:) [all of these explanations seem to denote the round ligament of the liver: the Hebrew אׄתֶרֶת הַכָבֵד, in Ex. xxix. 22, literally signifies the same; like the slightly-varying appellations in Ex. xxix. 13 and Lev. iii. 4, and Lev. ix. 10: but the real meaning thereof is much disputed: the rendering of the LXX. is λοβὸς τοῦ ἤπατος; which is said to mean extrema pars hepatis: that of the Vulg., reticulum hepatis: that of our authorized Engl. Vers., the caul above the liver; (with this marginal note: “it seemeth by anatomy, and the Hebrew Doctors, to be the midriff:”) and it is remarkable that this is one of the meanings assigned to الخِلْبُ, which some hold to be syn. with زَيَادَةُ الكَبِدِ: (see خِلْبٌ:) Bochart (in his Hieroz. t. i., p. 498, seq.,) and Gesenius (in his Lex.) explain the Hebrew term as meaning the greater lobe of the liver: but this is hard to reconcile with the Hebrew or the Arabic; and utterly irreconcileable with the explanations given by the Arabs; among whom, it should be observed, were many of the Jewish religion, who cannot reasonably be supposed to have not known the correct meaning of a term relating to their sacrifices:] the pl. of زيادة is زَيَائِدُ, (L,) and that ofزائدة↓ is زَوَائِدُ. (Ṣ, L.) Hence the saying, الوَلَدُ كَبِدُ ذِى الوَلَدِ وَوَلَدُ الوَلَدِ زِيَادَةُ الكَبِدِ [The child is as the liver of the parent, and the grandchild is as the redundant appertenance of the liver]. (A, TA.)

زَائِدٌ act. part. n. of زَادَ, (Mṣb,) [Increasing, augmenting, or growing.]

[Exceeding; in excess; redundant; superfluous; remaining over and above: excrescent: additional; in addition; adscititious.] You say, أَخَذْتُهُ بِدِرْهَمٍ فَزَائِدًا [I took it, i. e. bought it, for a dirhem and more]. (A.) [See also the next paragraph.]

زَائِدَةٌ [fem. of زَائِدٌ: and also a subst.; being transferred from the category of epithets to that of substs. by the affix ة: pl. زَوَائِدُ]: see زِيَادَةٌ, in five places.

[Hence,] الزَّوَائِدُ [Certain excrescences, or pendent hairs, termed] زَمَعَات, in the hinder part of the kind leg or foot. (Ḳ. [In the explanations there given, I read الرِّجْل, as in one copy, instead of الرَّحْل. It has been stated above, voce زِيَادَةٌ, on the authority of the L, that الزَّوَائِد is said only in relation to the legs of a beast.])

[But] ذُو الزَّوَائِدِ means The lion: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) by the زوائد being mean this claws and his canine teeth and his roaring and his impetuosity. (Ṣ.)

زَائِدَةُ السَّاقِ The shin-bone. (L.)

[زَوَائِدِىٌّ a rel. n. from زَوَائِدُ pl. of زَائِدَةٌ; and used, app., as meaning Having something redundant; for] Saʼeed Ibn-ʼOthmán was surnamed الزَّوَائِدِىُّ because he had three بَيْضَات: so they assert. (Ṣ.)

بُرُودٌ تَزِيدِيَّةٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and تَزِيدِيَّاتٌ [alone], (Ṣ,) [Garments of the kind termed] بُرُود having in them red stripes, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) to which streaks of blood are likened: (Ṣ:) so called in relation to تَزِيد the son of حُلْوَان, the father of a tribe: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or, as some say, تَزِيد the son of حَيْدَان: (MF:) or from تَزِيد, a city, or town, of El-Yemen, in which such برود were woven: (TA:) or, accord. to some, J and F are in error; and the truth is, that there were some merchants in Mekkeh, called بَنُو يَزِيدٍ, thus with ى and in relation to them certain [camel-vehicles for women of the kind called] هَوَادِج were termed يَزِيدِيَّةٌ↓. (MF.)

مَزِيدٌ an inf. n. of زَادَ. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) You say, لَا مَزِيدَ عَلَى مَا فَعَلْتَ andلَا مُسْتَزَادَ↓, (A, Mṣb,) both meaning the same [i.e. There is no exceeding what thou hast done: or rather the latter means there is no desire for more than thou hast done, or there is no one of whom is desired more than thou hast done; forمُسْتَزَاد↓ may be here an inf. n., and it may be a pass. part. n.]. (Mṣb.)

[It is also the pass. part. n. of زَادَ, signifying Increased, or augmented; as also مَزِيدٌ فِيهِ.]

مَزَادَةٌ [A leathern water-bag, one of a pair which is borne by a camel or other beast;] the half (شَطْر) of a رَاوِيَة: (Mṣb in art. زود:) [a water-bag of this kind is represented in a sketch of “Sakkàs” in my work on the Modern Egyptians:] it has two loops, and two kidney-shaped pieces of leather (كُلْيَتَانِ), the former of which are sewed to the latter: (TA voce خُرْبَةٌ:) the رَاوِيَة consists of two mezádehs (مَزَادَتَانِ), which are bound upon the two sides of the camel with the [cord called] رِوَآء: the pl. is مَزَايِدُ [often written مَزَائِدُ]; and sometimes the Arabs elided the ة, saying مَزَادٌ↓: (T, TA:) [both of these forms are mentioned in the Ṣ and Ḳ as pls.:] andمَزَادٌ↓ without ة, is [also] applied to the single one (فَرْدَة [meaning the single water-skin]) which the rider attaches behind his camel's saddle, having no عَزْلَآء, [or spout (which is closed by means of a thong tied round it) at one of the lower extremities for pouring out the water; thus] differing from the مَزَادَة: (T, TA:) or the مزادة is a رَاوِيَة, [app. accord. to some who applied this latter term to a single water-bag,] (Ṣ, A, Ḳ,) or only (Ḳ) such as is composed of two skins with a third inserted between them to widen it: (AʼObeyd, Ṣ, M, A, Ḳ:) and so are the سَطِيحَة and the شَعِيب: (AʼObeyd, Ṣ:) or the سَطيحة is made of two skins put face to face; and the مزادة is of two skins and a half, or of three skins: (ISh, TA:) or it is [a water-bag] joined (مَشْعُربَة) at one side; if consisting of two faces (ان خرجت من وجهين [i. e. of two pieces of skin whereof each forms one face or side]) it is called a شَعِيب: or it is like a راوية having no عَزْلَآء [expl. above]: AM and the author of the Mṣb and some others assert that its medial radical letter is و, and that it is from الزَّوْدُ, (TA,) being so called because one furnishes himself with water in it for travellingprovision: (Mṣb in art. زود:) but this is a mistake: (TA:) it is thus called because it is enlarged by the addition of a third skin: (AO, El-Khafájee, TA:) [Fei says that] accord. to analogy it should be مِزَادَةٌ. (Mṣb in art. زود.)

يَزِيدِيَّةٌ, applied to هَوَادِج: see تَزِيدِيَّةٌ.