Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

سانههُ, inf. n. مُسَانَهَةٌ and سِنَاهٌ; and سَاناهُ, inf. n. مُسَانَاةٌ; (Ḳ;) or عَامَلَهُ مُسُانَهَةً, and مُسَانَاةً; (Mṣb;) He made an engagement, or a contract, with him for work or the like, by the year: (Ḳ:) and اِسْتَأْجَرْتُهُ مُسَانَهَةً, and مُسَانَاةً, [I hired him by the year:] (Ṣ:) مُسَانَهَةٌ and مُسَانَاةٌ from السَّنَةُ are like مُعَاوَمَةٌ from العَامُ, and مُشَاهَرَةٌ from الشَّهْرُ, and مُرَابَعَةٌ from الرَّبِيعُ, &c. (TA in art. ربع.)

سانهت النَّخْلَةُ The palm-tree bore one year and not another; (Aṣ, Ḳ;) as also عَاوَمَت. (Aṣ, TA.)

أَسْنَهَ In this form of the verb, the final radical letter is changed into ت, so that they say أَسْنَتُوا, meaning They experienced drought, or barrenness. (TA. [See also art. سنت.])

تَسَنَّهْتُ عِنْدَهُ, (Ṣ,) and تَسَنَّيْتُ عنده, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) I remained, stayed, dwelt, or abode, with him, or at his abode, a year: (Mṣb:) both signify the same. (TA.) [See also 5 in art. سنو and سنى.]

تسنّهت النَّخْلَةُ † The palm-tree underwent the lapse of years; (Ṣ, Mṣb;) as alsoسَنِهَت↓: (Ṣ:) and in like manner one says of other things. (Mṣb.)

تسنّه said of food and of beverage, (Fr, Ṣ, TA,) † It became altered [for the worse]; as alsoسَنِهَ↓, aor. ـَ {يَسْنَهُ}, inf. n. سَنَهٌ: (TA:) or it became altered [for the worse] by the lapse of years: (Fr, Ṣ, TA:) and التَّسَنُّهُ in relation to bread and beverage, &c. means the becoming mouldy, or musty, or spoiled. (Ṣ: and so in some copies of the Ḳ and in the TA: in other copies of the Ḳ, السَّنِهُ, like كَتِف, is put in the place of التَّسَنُّهُ; and المُتَكَرِّجُ in the place of the explanation التَّكَرُّجُ.) فَٱنْظُرْ إِلَى طَعَامِكَ وَشَرَابِكَ لَمْ يَتَسَنَّهْ, in the Ḳur [ii. 261], means † [But look at thy food and thy beverage,] it has not become altered [for the worse] by the lapse of years: (Fr, Ṣ, TA:) Az says that this is the right way of reading, by pronouncing the ه in يتسنّه in pausing after it and in continuing without pausing: Ks used to suppress the ه in the latter case and to pronounce it in the former: and Aboo-ʼAmr EshSheybánee says that the original form [of يَتَسَنَّ] is يَتَسَنَّنْ; the like change being made in it as is made in تَظَنَّيْتُ [for تَظَنَّنْتُ] and in قَصَّيَتُ أَظْفَارِى [for قَصَّصْتُ اظفارى]. (TA. [See also 5 in art. سنو and سنى, last sentence.])

سَنَةٌ a word of which the final radical letter is rejected, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) and of which there are two dial. vars., (Mṣb,) being, accord. to some, originally سَنْهَةٌ, (Ṣ, Mṣb,) like جَبْهَةٌ (Ṣ) or سَجْدَةٌ, (Mṣb,) and accord to others, سَنْوةٌ, (Ṣ,* Mṣb,) like شَهْوَةٌ, and upon each of these originals are founded modifications of the word, (Mṣb,) therefore it is mentioned in the Ḳ [and Ṣ and other lexicons] in the present art. and again in art. سنو, (TA,) A year; syn. حَوْلٌ; (Mṣb;) or عَامٌ: (M, Ḳ:) or, as Suh says, in the R, the سَنَة is longer than the عَام; the latter word being applied to the [twelve] Arabian months [collectively], and thus differing from the former word: (TA:) with the Arabs it consists of four seasons, mentioned before [in art. زمن, voce زَمَنٌ]: but sometimes it is tropically applied to ‡ a single فَصْل [or quarter]; as in the saying, دَامَ المَطَرُ السَّنَةَ كُلَّهَا, meaning [The rain continued] during the فَصْل [or quarter, all of it]: (Mṣb:) [see more in art. سنو and سنى:] the dim. is سُنَيْهَةُ↓ (Ṣ, Mṣb) accord. to those who make the original of سَنَةٌ to be سَنْهَةٌ, (Mṣb,) andسُنَيَّةٌ↓ (Ṣ, Mṣb) accord. to those who make the original of سَنَةٌ to be سَنْوَةٌ; (Mṣb;) and some say سُنَيْنَةٌ, but this is rare: (TA:) the pl. is سَنَهَاتٌ (Mṣb, Ḳ) accord. to those who make the original of سَنَةٌ to be سَنْهةٌ, (Mṣb,) and سَنَوَاتٌ (Mṣb, Ḳ) accord. to those who make the original of سَنَةٌ to be سَنْوَةٌ; (Mṣb;) and سِنُونَ also, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) like the masc. perfect pl., (Mṣb,) [agreeably with a rule applying to other cases of this kind,] with kesr, to the س, (Ṣ, TA,) and سِنِينَ [in the accus. and gen. cases], (Mṣb, TA,) so that one says, هٰذِهِ سِنُونَ [These are years], and رَأَيْتُ سِنِينَ [I saw years], (TA,) and the ن is elided when it is prefixed to another noun, governing the latter in the gen. case, (Mṣb,) and some say سُنُونَ, with damm to the س; (Ṣ, TA;) and in one dial., the ى is retained in all the cases, and the ن is made a letter of declinability, with tenween when the word is indeterminate, [so that one says سِنِينٌ,] and is not elided when the word is prefixed to another noun, governing the latter in the gen. case, because it is [regarded as] one of the radical letters of the word; and of this dial. is the saying of the Prophet, اَللّٰهُمَّ ٱجْعَلْهَا عَلَيْهِمْ سِنِينًا كَسِنِينِ يُوسُفَ [O God, make them to be to them years like the years of Joseph]; (Mṣb; [but in my copy of the Mgh, I find كَسِنِى يُوسُفَ;]) or with respect to سِنِينٌ, like مِئِينٌ, with refa [and tenween], there are two opinions; one is, that it is of the measure فِعْلِينٌ, like غِسْلِينٌ, with a rejection [of one letter], though this is an anomalous pl., for there sometimes occurs among pls. that which has no parallel, as عِدًى, and this is the opinion of Akh; the other is, that it is of the measure فَعِيلٌ, changed to فِعِيلٌ because of the kesreh of the second letter; the pl. being in some instances of the measure فَعِيلٌ, like كَلِيبٌ and عَبِيدٌ; but he who holds this opinion makes its final ن to be a substitute for و, and that of مِائَةٌ a substitute for ى: (Ṣ:) you may also suppress the tenween in سِنِينٌ; [in which case it seems that one says سِنِينَ in the nom. case (assimilating it to سِنُونَ) as well as in the accus. and the gen.; like as one does in the instances of بُرِين and بِرِين, pls. of بُرَةٌ, accord. to the Ḳ, though, as I have shown in art. برو, there is some doubt on this point;] but the suppression of the tenween in سِنِينٌ is more rare than its pronunciation: (I’Aḳ p. 18:) and another pl. is سُنِىٌّ, [originally سُنُوٌّ,] of the measure فُعُولٌ. (Er-Rághib, TA in art. سنو.) The phrase ثَلٰثَ مِائَةٍ سِنِينَ, in the Ḳur [xviii. 24], is said by Akh to be for ثَلٰثَمِائَةٍ مِنَ السِّنِينَ [Three hundred of years]: and he says that if the سِنُون be an explicative of the مِائَة, it is in the gen. case [to agree with مِائَةٍ]; and if an explicative of the ثَلٰث, it is in the accus. case [to agree with ثَلٰثَ]. (Ṣ. [See also Bḍ on this phrase; and see De Sacy's Ar. Gr., 2nd ed., i. 423.]) [لِسَنَةٍ, relating to an animal or a plant or the like, means To the completion of a year: and لِسَنَتِهِ, to the completion of his, or its, year; i. e. in his, or its, first year.] And one says,لَقِيتُهُ مُنْذُ سُنَيَّاتٍ↓ [I met him some years ago; three or more, to ten, years ago]: a phrase like لَقِيتُهُ ذَاتَ العُوَيْمِ. (Az, TA in art. عوم.) Andسُنَيَّةٌ↓ is a dim. of enhancement, of سَنَةٌ: one says سُنَيَّةٌ حَمْرَآءُ A severe year of drought or barrenness or dearth: (TA:) andوَقَعُوا فِى السُّنَيَّاتِ↓ البِيضِ [They lapsed into the severe years of scantiness of herbage]: these were years that pressed hard upon the people of El-Medeeneh. (Ḳ, TA.)

سَنَةٌ [alone] also signifies ‡ Drought, or barrenness: (Mṣb, Ḳ, TA:) or vehement, or intense, drought: (TA in art. سنو:) an instance of a noun used especially in one of its senses, like دَابَّةٌ applied to “a horse,” and مَالٌ applied to “camels:” pl., in this, as in the former, sense, سَنَهَاتٌ [and سَنَوَاتٌ] and سِنُونَ and سِنِينٌ. (TA.) One says of a land (أَرْضٌ), أَصَابَتْهَا السَّنَةُ ‡ Drought, or barrenness, befell it. (Mṣb.) And in like manner one says of people, أَصَابَتْهُمُ السَّنَهُ ‡ [Drought,, &c., befell them]. (TA.) A seeker of herbage and of a place in which to alight was sent to a tract, and found it dried up by want of rain, and when he returned, being asked respecting it, he said, السَّنَةُ, meaning ‡ Drought,, &c. [has befallen it]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad., اَللّٰهُمَّ أَعِنِّى عَلَى مُضَرَبِالسَّنَةِ, i. e. ‡ [O God, aid me against Mudar] by drought, &c. (TA.)

It is also [used as an epithet,] applied to land (أَرْضٌ), as meaning ‡ Affected with drought, or barrenness; (Aṣ, Ṣ, Ḳ;) as alsoسَنْهَآءُ↓ and سَنْوَآءُ. (Mṣb.) One says likewise, هٰذِهِ بِلَادٌ سِنِينٌ ‡ These are countries, or tracts, affected with drought, &c.: and Et-Tirimmáh says

* بِمُنْخَرَقٍ تَحِنُّ الرِّيحُ فِيهِ *

* حَنِينَ الحُلْبِ فِى البَلَدِ السِّنِينِ *

‡ [In a gusty tract, the wind moaning therein like the moaning of the milch ewes or goats (see حَلُوبٌ) in the country affected with drought, or the countries,, &c., بَلَد being regarded as a coll. gen. n. and therefore qualified by a pl., like قَوْمٌ in the phrase قَوْمٌ كَافِرُونَ]. (TA.)

سَنَهْ سَنَهْ, also pronounced with teshdeed to the ن: see سَنًا, in art. سنو and سنى, last sentence.

طَعَامٌ سَنِهٌ † [Food, or wheat,] that has undergone the lapse of years; (AZ, Ḳ;) as also سَنٍ. (AZ, TA.)

See also مُتَسَنِّهٌ.

نَخْلَةٌ سَنْهَآءُ † A palm-tree that bears one year and not another: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or a palm-tree affected by a year of drought. (Ṣ.) And سَنَةٌ سَنْهَآءُ A year in which is no herbage nor rain. (TA.)

See also سَنَةٌ, last sentence but one.

مُتَسَنِّهٌ, applied to bread, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and soسَنِهٌ↓ applied to bread and to beverage, &c., (CK, but see 5, third sentence,) † Mouldy, or musty, or spoiled. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)