Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

سَهَمْتُهُ, aor. ـَ {يَسْهَمُ}, inf. n. سَهْمٌ: see 3.

سَهَمَ, (Ṣ, MA, Ḳ,) aor. ـَ {يَسْهَمُ}; (Ḳ;) and سَهُمَ, aor. ـُ {يَسْهُمُ}, inf. n. سُهُومٌ, (Ṣ, MA, Ḳ,) of both verbs, (Ṣ, TA,) and of the latter سُهُومَةٌ also, agreeably with analogy; (Ḥar p. 449;) He, (a man, TA,) or it, (one's face, Ṣ, MA, and Ḥar ubi suprà,) was, or became, altered in colour, (MA,) or he was, or became, lean or lank, in the belly, and altered [in colour]; (Ṣ, Ḳ, and Ḥar ubi suprà;) [or, accord. to an explanation of سُهُومٌ in the Ḥam p. 360, he, or it, was, or became, altered in colour, and emaciated, and dried up;] and سُهِمَ, also, aor. يُسْهَمُ, inf. n. سُهُومٌ, has the first of these meanings: (MA:) [see also سُهُومٌ below:] or سُهِمَ signifies he (a man) was, or became, lean, or lank, in the belly: (TA:) or he (a man, Ṣ) was, or became, smitten, or affected, by the heat of the [wind called] سَمُوم, (Ṣ, Ḳ, [see سَهَامٌ,]) or by the burning, or vehement heat, of summer. (Ḳ, TA.)

تَسْهِيمٌ The making a garment to be marked with stripes or lines [like سِهَام, i. e. arrows: see the pass. part. n. below]. (KL. [And the same meaning is indicated in the TA.]) Dhu-r-Rummeh says, describing a dwelling, [or rather the traces thereof,]

* كَأَنَّهَا بَعْدَ أَحْوَلٍ مَضَيْنَ لَهَا *

* بِالأَشْيَمَيْنِ يَمَانٍ فِيهِ تَسْهِيمُ *

[As though it were, after years had passed with respect to it, in El-Ashyamán, a garment of El-Yemen in which was a marking with stripes or lines: the epithet يَمَانٍ being often applied to a garment of this kind, and ثَوْبٌ being here understood]: (TA:) الأَشْيَمَانِ, or, as some call them, الأَشْأَمَانِ, are two places, or two mountains, mentioned by Dhu-r-Rummeh in several places in his poetry. (TA in art. شيم.)

ساهمهُ, (Ṣ, MA, Mgh, Mṣb,) inf. n. مُسَاهَمَةٌ, (Mṣb,) He shot arrows [سِهَام] with him [in competition]. (MA.)

[And hence,] He cast, or drew, lots [or more properly arrows for sortilege, as expl. in the PṢ,] with him; practised sortilege [or sortilege with arrows] with him; or competed with him in doing so. (Ṣ, MA, Mgh, Mṣb.) You say,سَاهَمْتُهُ فَسَهَمْتُهُ↓; (Ṣ;) or سَاهَمَهُمْ فَسَهَمَهُمْ; (TA;) aor. of the latter verb ـَ, (Ṣ,) and inf. n. سَهْمٌ; (TA;) I competed with him in casting, or drawing, lots [or arrows for sortilege] or in practising sortilege [or sortilege with arrows] with him, and overcame him therein; or He did so with them, and overcame them therein. (Ṣ,* TA.) Hence, فَسَاهَمَ in the Ḳur xxxvii. 141, (TA,) where [the objective complement] أَهْلَ السَّفِينَةِ is understood. (Jel.)

[And hence, He shared with him, فِى كَذَا in such a thing. See an ex. voce مُشِدٌّ, and another voce نَاوَبَ.]

[And app. He contended with him for a thing: see 6.]

اسهم بَيْنَهُمْ i. q. أَقْرَعَ [i. e. He ordered, or commanded, them to cast, or draw, lots, or to practise sortilege, or sortilege with arrows, among themselves, for a thing; or he prepared, or disposed, them for doing so; or he cast, or drew, lots, or practised sortilege, or sortilege with arrows, among them: see أَقْرَعَ]. (Ṣ.)

And أَسْهَمْتُ لَهُ I gave him a lot, share, or portion. (Mṣb.)

And أَسْهَمَ is syn. with أَسْهَبَ, (Ḳ, TA,) meaning He was, or became, loquacious, or profuse of speech: its م is said by Yaạḳoob to be a substitute for ب. (TA.) [See also مُسْهَمٌ, below.]

تساهموا: see 8.

[Hence, They shared together.] El-Hakam El-Khudree says,

* ثَوْبَاهَا فَفِى الدِّرْعِ رَادَةٌ تَسَاهَمَ *

* وَفَى المِرْطِ لَفَّاوَانِ رِدْفُهُمَا عَبْلُ *

i. e. Her two garments shared together; for in the shift was a soft, or tender, body, with a slender waist, and within the waist-wrapper were too thick thighs whereof the part above them, behind, was large. (Ḥam p. 579.)

Also They contended [for a thing], one with another. (JM.)

استهموا (Ṣ, Mṣb) andتساهموا↓ (Ṣ) They cast, or drew, lots, or practised sortilege, [or sortilege with arrows,] one with another; syn. اقترعوا (Ṣ, Mṣb) and تقارعوا, (Ṣ,) both of which signify the same. (Ṣ, &c. in art. قرع.)

سَهْمٌ An arrow; i. e. one of what are called نَبْل, (Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) having the iron head [and the feathers] affixed: (TA:) the سَهْم before it has its feathers and its iron head affixed to it is [generally] called قِدْحٌ: (Ṣ and Ḳ in art. قدح:) accord. to some it signifies the iron head itself; i. q. نَصْلٌ; (Mṣb;) ISh says that this is its meaning; and he says, if one pick up a نصل, you say “What is this سَهْم with thee?” but if one pick up a قِدْح, you do not say thus; and the نَصْل is the broad and long سَهْم, and may be nearly of the length of the space between the extremity of the thumb and that of the fore finger when they are stretched out; and the مِشْقَص is of half the size of the نَصْل: (TA:) [but this meaning of سَهْمٌ seems to be very rare, and little known:] the pl. [of mult.] is سِهَامٌ (Ṣ, TA) and [of pauc.] أَسْهُمٌ. (TA.) [Hence,] سَهْمُ الرَّامِى † [The arrow of the archer], (Ḳ,) or [simply] السَّهْمُ [the arrow], (Ḳzw,) a certain constellation, (Ḳ,* Ḳzw,) [namely Sagitta,] one of the northern constellations, composed of five stars, between the bill [meaning the star β] of الدَّجَاجَةُ [which is Cygnus] and النَّسْرُ الطَّائرُ [which consists of the stars α and β and γ of Aquila], in the Great Milky Way, having its head towards the east and its notch towards the west; and its length, as it appears to the eye, when it is in the middle of the sky, is about two cubits (نَحْوُ ذِرَاعَيْنِ: see ذِرَاعٌ). (Ḳzw.)

Also The قِدْح [or featherless and headless arrow] with which one casts, or draws, lots, (IAth, Mgh, TA,) in the game called المَيْسِر; (IAth, Mgh, TA;) and the قِدْح with which one plays at a game of hazard [of any kind; i. e. an arrow for sortilege, and a gaming-arrow]; the primary meaning of the word being the missile سَهْم; (Mgh;) or the primary meaning is the قِدْح with which one casts, or draws, lost in the game called المَيْسِر: (IAth, TA:) pl. سِهَامٌ (Ḳ) [and أَسْهُمٌ, as above]. See a verse cited voce رَقِيبٌ.

Then applied to The thing won by him whose arrow is successful [in the game above mentioned]. (IAth, TA.)

And then (IAth, TA) applied also to A lot, share, or portion, (Ṣ, IAth, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ, TA,) whatever it be; (IAth, TA;) as alsoسُهْمَةٌ↓: (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ:) pl. of the former سُهْمَانٌ (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ) and سِهَامٌ [both pls. of mult.] and أَسْهُمٌ [pl. of pauc.] (Mgh, Mṣb, TA) and [quasi-pl. n.] سُهْمَةٌ↓, (M, Ḳ, TA,) this last like أُخْوَةٌ. (TA.) It is said in a trad., كَانَ لَهُ سَهْمٌ مِنَ الغَنِيمَةِ شَهِدَ أَوْ غَابَ [There was, or is, for him a share of the spoil whether he were, or be, present or absent]. (TA.) And one says,سُهْمَةُ↓ فُلَانٍ مِنْ هٰذَا كَذَا The share of such a one, of this, is such a thing: and it may be from السِّهَامُ meaning the arrows (قِدَاح) that are shuffled among the persons competing in sortilege, in order that each one may appropriate to himself what comes forth for him as his share. (Ḥam p. 579.)

سَهْمُ السَّفِينَةِ [The mast of the ship: so called as being likened to an arrow, because the curved yard of the sail, resembling a bow, is suspended from the top]: (Ṣ, and Ḳ in art. دقل:) [in like manner] called in Pers. تِيرِ كِشْتِى. (PṢ in that art.)

سَهْمُ البَيْتِ The beam (جَائِز) of the house or chamber; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) [similarly] called in Pers. تِير. (Ṣ voce جَائِزٌ, q. v.)

سَهْمٌ also signifies The measure of six cubits [as used] in men's sales and purchases in their measurings of land. (Ḳ.)

And A stone which is placed upon the entrance of a chamber constructed for the purpose of capturing therein the lion, so that, when he enters it, it falls upon the the entrance and closes it. (Ḳ,* TA.) [The word in this sense is also mentioned in the Ḳ as written with ش.]

سُهُمٌ, thus, with two dammehs, [The fine filmy substance termed gossamer,] with the article ال, i. q. غَزْلُ عَيْنِ الشَّمْسِ [lit. the spun-thread of the rays of the sun]: (IAạr, Ḳ:) andسَهَامٌ↓ [signifies the same], with the article ال i. q. مُخَاطُ الشَّيْطَانِ [q. v., lit, the snivel of the devil]. (Ḳ.)

And Overpowering heat. (IAạr, Ḳ.)

Also [a pl. of which the sing. is not mentioned, signifying] Intelligent, knowing, or skilful or judicious, working men; (Ḳ, TA;) and so with ش. (TA.)

سُهْمَةٌ: see سَهْمٌ, in the latter half of the paragraph, in three places.

Also Relationship. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) Whence ذُو السُّهْمَةِ [A relation]. (Ṣ, TA.)

سَهَامٌ The heat of the [wind called] سَمُوم; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) and the burning, or vehement, heat of summer; (Ḳ;) and the clouds of dust thereof: or a hot wind; and hot winds; used alike as sing. and pl. (TA.)

See also سُهُمٌ.

And see what next follows.

سُهَامٌ (Ṣ, Ḳ) andسَهَامٌ↓, (Ḳ, and only thus in some copies of the Ḳ,) the former mentioned by several authors, (TA,) Leanness, or lankness in the belly, and an altered state (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA) of the colour, and dryness of the lips. (TA.)

And the former, [in some copies of the Ḳ the latter, but the former, as is said in the TA, is the right, agreeably with analogy as a word signifying a disease,] A certain disease incident to camels. (El-Umawee, Ṣ, Ḳ.)

سَهُومٌ, with fet-ḥ [to the س, by Freytag erroneously written سَهَوْمٌ, in consequence of his having been misled by a double mistranscription immediately preceding in the CK], The flying eagle: (Ḳ:) the epithet “flying” being here used only as an explicative. (TA.)

سُهُومٌ an inf. n. of 1. (Ṣ, &c.)

Also A frowning (عُبُوسٌ, Ḳ, TA) of the face by reason of anxiety. (TA. [In the CK, السَّهُومُ and العَبُوسُ are erroneously put for السُّهُومُ and العُبُوسُ: in the TA, السهوم is expressly said to be with damm, in this case, and the meaning is shown by two verses there cited.])

سَهَّامٌ A maker of arrows. (MA.)

سَاهِمُ الوَجْهِ, applied to a man, Altered in face. (TA.) The saying of 'Antarah,

* وَالخَيْلُ سَاهِمَةُ الوُجُوهِ كَأَنَّمَا *

* تُسْقَى فَوَارِسُهَا نَقِيعَ الحَنْظَلِ *

is expl. by Th as meaning And the owners of the horses were altered in their complexions in consequence of the state of difficulty wherein they were [as though they, i. e. the riders thereof, were given to drink infusion of colocynth]. (TA.) [But] سَاهِمُ الوَجْهِ, is applied as an epithet to a horse as meaning Urged, or made, to perform a distressing act of running: and in like manner to a man when he is urged, or made, to perform a distressing part in war, or battle. (TA.)

[The fem.] سَاهِمَةٌ, applied to a she-camel, means Lean, or lank in the belly: (Ṣ, Ḳ: [see also مَسْهُومٌ:]) and [its pl.] سَوَاهِمُ, applied to camels, altered by journeying. (Ṣ.)

مُسْهَمٌ A horse half-blooded, got by a stallion of generous race out of a mare not of such race; syn. هَجِينٌ: (Ḳ:) to [the rider of] such is given less than the سَهْم [or share] of the spoil that is given to [the rider of] the horse of generous race. (TA.) [It is applied in this sense to a stallioncamel as well as to a horse.] A poet says,

* بَنِى يَثْرِبِىٍّ حَصِّنُوا أَيْنُقَاتِكُمْ *

* وَأَفْرَاسَكُمْ مِنْ ضَرْبِ أَحْمَرَ مُسْهَمِ *

[Sons of Yethribee, keep ye your she-camels and your mares from the being covered by one that is red, (i. e. of goodly appearance, for the red among camels are the most admired by the Arabs, and in like manner the bay among horses,) but half-blooded]: he means, keep ye your women from being taken as wives by such as are not their equals. (TA.)

You say also, رَجُلٌ مُسْهَمُ الجِسْمِ A man whose body is wasting away in consequence of love: (Ḳ:) and in like manner, مُسْهَمُ العَقْلِ [whose reason is departing]: mentioned by Lḥ: (TA:) and soمُسْهِم↓, in both cases: (TA voce مُسْهَبٌ, q. v.:) the م being a substitute for ب. (TA in the present art.)

And مُسْهَمٌ, (Ḳ, TA,) orمُسْهِمٌ↓, (CK,) [both app. correct,] from أَسْهَمَ, is like مُسْهَبٌ [q. v.], (Ḳ, TA,) or مُسْهِبٌ, (CK,) from أَسْهَبَ, in measure and in meaning; (Ḳ, TA;) meaning Loquacious, or profuse in speech: the م, accord. to Yaạḳoob, being [in this case also] a substitute for ب. (TA.)

مُسْهِمٌ: see the next preceding paragraph, in two places.

مُسَهَّمٌ A [garment of the kind called] بُرْد marked with stripes, or lines, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) like سِهَام [i. e. arrows]. (TA.)

See also the following paragraph.

مَسْهُومٌ, applied to a man, Lean, or lank in the belly: [see also سَاهِمٌ:] or affected with what is termed سهام [app. سَهَام, and meaning the heat of the wind called سَمُوم]. (TA.)

And, applied to a camel, Smitten with the disease termed سُهَام: and soمُسَهَّمَةٌ↓ applied to camels. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)