Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

شَرَّ, (L, Ḳ,) sec. pers. شَرِرْتَ, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ, MF,) aor. يَشَرُّ; (L, Mṣb, MF;) and sec. pers. شَرُرْتَ, (Ṣ accord. to some copies, L, Mṣb, Ḳ, MF,) aor. يَشُرُّ; (L, Mṣb, Ḳ,* MF;) and sec. pers. شَرَرْتَ, (Ṣ accord. to some copies, M, Ḳ, MF,) aor. يَشِرُّ; (M, Ḳ, MF;) of which three vars. the first is the best known; and the last is strange, and disallowed by most authorities; (MF;) inf. n. [of the first or third] شَرٌّ (Ṣ, Ḳ) and [of the first] شَرَرٌ (Ṣ) and [of the second or third] شَرَارَةٌ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and شِرَّةٌ also is an inf. n. [syn. with شَرٌّ]; (Ṣ;) He (a man) was, or became, evil, a wrongdoer, unjust, bad, corrupt, wicked, mischievous, vitious, or depraved. (Ṣ,* L, Mṣb, Ḳ,*, &c.) The manner in which the Ḳ mentions شَرَّ with the two aors. يَشُرُّ and يَشِرُّ [only, omitting the most common aor., i. e. يَشَرُّ,] obviously demands consideration. (MF.) One says, شَرِرْتَ يَا رَجُلُ [Thou hast been evil, or a wrongdoer,, &c., O man], (Ṣ, Ḳ,) and so شَرُرْتَ and شَرَرْتَ. (Ṣ accord. to different copies, and Ḳ.)

شَرَّ, aor. يَشَرُّ, also signifies He increased in evil, wrongdoing,, &c. (L.) It is said in a prov., كُلَّمَا تَكْبَرُ تَشَرُّ [In proportion as thou growest old, thou increasest in evil,, &c.]. (AZ, L.)

مَا شَرَّهُ: see 4, last sentence.

شَرَّهُ, (O, Ḳ,) aor. يَشُرُّ, (O, TA,) inf. n. شُرٌّ, (O, Ḳ,) with damm, (Ḳ, [which is said in the TA to indicate that the aor., not the inf. n., is with damm, but this is inconsistent with the common practice of the author of the Ḳ, and is evidently wrong,]) He blamed him; found fault with him; attributed or imputed to him, charged him with, or accused him of, a vice, fault, defect, blemish, or something amiss. (O, Ḳ,* TA. [See also 4.]) One says, مَا قُلْتُ ذَاكَ لِشُرِّكَ وَإِنَّمَا قُلْتُةُ لِغَيْرِ شُرِّكَ I said not that to find fault with thee, but I only said it for a different purpose than that of finding fault with thee: (Ṣ, TA:) or this has a different meaning, which see below, voce شُرٌّ. (TA.) One says also, قَدْ قَبِلْتُ عَطِيَّتَكَ ثُمَّ رَدَدْتُهَا عَلَيْكَ مِنْ غَيْرِ شُرِّكَ وَلَا ضُرِّكَ, meaning [I have accepted thy gift; then I have given it back to thee] without rejecting it to thee or blaming thee [and without injuring thee]. (IAạr, TA.)

Also شَرَّهُ, (Ṣ,) or شَرَّهُ فِى الشَّمْسِ, (A,) [aor. and inf. n. as in the next sentence;] andشرّرهُ↓, (A,) inf. n. تَشْرِيرٌ; (Ṣ;) andاشرّهُ↓; andشَرْشَرَهُ↓; (A;) He spread it (i. e. a garment, or piece of cloth, Ṣ, or some other thing, TA) in the sun: (Ṣ, A, TA:) this is the primary signification. (TA.) And [hence,] شَرَّهُ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) aor. يَشُرُّ. (Ṣ,) inf. n. شَرٌّ; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) andاشرّهُ↓, (Ḳ,) inf. n. إِشْرَارٌ; (TA;) andشرّرهُ↓, (Ḳ,) inf. n. as above; (TA;) and شَرَّاهُ [or شَرَاهُ without teshdeed?]; (Ḳ;) He put it (i. e. [the preparation of curd called] أَقْط, and flesh-meat, Ṣ, Ḳ, and the like, and salt, Ṣ, and a garment, or piece of cloth, and the like, Ḳ) upon a خَصَفَة, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) i. e. a mat, (TA,) or some other thing, (Ḳ,) to dry. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) And شرّهُ He sprinkled it; namely, salt. (R, MF.)

شرّرهُ inf. n. تَشْرِيرٌ, He rendered him notorious, or infamous, among men. (Yz, Ḳ.)

See also 1, latter part, in two places.

شارّهُ, (Ḳ,) inf. n. مُشَارَّةٌ, (Ṣ,) He acted with him in an evil manner; (Ḳ;) he treated him with enmity, or hostility: (L, TA:) he contended, or disputed, with him: (Ṣ, L, TA:) he did evil to him, obliging him to do the like in return. (L, TA.) [See also 3 in art. شرى: and see an ex. voce جَارَّ.]

اشرّهُ He attributed, or imputed, to him evil, wrongdoing, injustice, or the like: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) but some disallow this. (Ṣ. [See also 1.])

أَشَرُّوهُ They banished him, or drove him away, and caused him to be alone. (TA.)

See also 1, latter part, in two places.

[Hence, app.,] اشرّهُ signifies also ‡ He manifested it, revealed it, published it, or made it known. (Ṣ, A, Ḳ.) Thus in a verse of Imra-el-Ḳeys, where he says, لَوْ يُشِرُّونَ مَقْتَلِى † [that they might publish, or make known, my slaughter]; as related by Aṣ; but it is better with س. (Ṣ.)

مَا أَشَرَّهُ, andمَا شَرَّهُ↓, [the latter of which is extr. with respect to form, but more commonly used than the former, meaning How evil, wrongdoing, unjust, bad, corrupt, wicked, mischievous, vitious, or depraved, is he!] phrases similar to مَا أَخْيَرَهُ and مَا خَيْرَهُ [which have the contr. meaning]. (TA in art. خير.)

اشترّ, said of a camel, [and of any clovenhoofed animal,] i. q. اجترّ, i. e. He ruminated, or chewed the cud: ج and ش being from one place of utterance. (IAth, TA.)

استشرّ He became possessor of a great herd, such as is termed إِشْرَارَة, of camels. (Ḳ.)

شَرْشَرَهُ, (AʼObeyd, Ḳ,) inf. n. شَرْشَرَةٌ, (Ṣ,) He split it, or clave it: (AʼObeyd, Ṣ:) and cut it much, or in many pieces. (AʼObeyd, Ṣ, Ḳ.)

He bit it, and then shook it; namely, a thing. (O, Ḳ, TA. [In the CK, نَقَضَهُ is erroneously put for نَفَضَهُ.])

شَرْشَرَتْهُ الحَيَّةُ The serpent bit him. (L, Ḳ.*)

شرشرت المَاشِيَةُ النَّبَاتَ The cattle ate the herbage. (Ḳ.)

شرشر السِّكِّينَ He sharpened, (Ḳ,) or rubbed, (O,) the knife upon a stone, (O, Ḳ, TA,) so that its edge became rough. (O, TA.)

See also 1, latter part.

شَرْشَرَ, inf. n. as above, It (a bird) expanded and flapped its wings, without alighting; like رَفْرَفَ. (TA in art. فرش.)

تَشَرْشَرَ It became separated, or scattered. (A.)

شَرٌّ (Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.) andشُرٌّ↓, (Kr, Ḳ,) the former of which is the more chaste, (TA,) andشِرَّةٌ↓ (Ḥam p. 629) Evil, [moral and physical;] (L, Mṣb;) wrongdoing, injustice, badness, corruptness, wickedness, mischievousness, vitiousness, or depravity: (Mṣb:) [and evil fortune, misfortune, woe, or unhappiness:] contr. of خَيْرٌ: (Ṣ, A, Ḳ:) pl. شُرُورٌ. (Mṣb, Ḳ.) It is said in a trad., in a form of prayer, (TA,) used by the Prophet, (Mṣb,) وَالخَيْرُ كُلُّهُ بِيَدَيْكَ وَالشَّرُّ لَيْسَ إِلَيْكَ, (Mṣb,* TA,) meaning [And all good is in thy hands, and evil i. e.] wrongdoing, or injustice, or corruptness, is not imputable to Thee: (Mṣb, TA:) or evil is not a means of advancement in thy favour, or of obtaining thine approval: or evil speech does not ascend to Thee. (Nh, L.)

شَرٌّ also signifies † Poverty. (Ḳ.)

And † Fever. (Ḳ.)

It is also an epithet, applied to a man, (Yoo, Ṣ,) and so is شَرِيرٌ↓, (Akh, Ṣ, A, Mṣb, Ḳ,) meaning Evil, wrongdoing, unjust, bad, corrupt, wicked, mischievous, vitious, or depraved: (Yoo,* Akh,* Ṣ,* A,* Mṣb, Ḳ:*) [fem. of the former شَرَّةٌ, like as خَيْرَةٌ is fem. of its contr. خَيْرٌ; and شُرَّى, fem. of أَشَرُّ, is used in the same sense, as will be shown in what follows:] the pl. of شَرٌّ, (Yoo, Ṣ,) or of شَرِيرٌ↓, (Akh, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) is أَشْرَارٌ, (Yoo, Akh, Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and of the former شِرَارٌ; (Ḥam p. 514;) and you say قَوْمٌ أَشِرَّآءُ [pl. of شَرٌّ or of شَرِيرٌ↓]. (Ṣ.) A woman of the Arabs, (Ṣ, L,) who, accord. to some, was of the Benoo-'Ámir, (L,) is related to have said, أُعِيذُكِ بِٱللّٰهِ مِنْ نَفْسٍ حَرَّى وَعَيْنٍ شُرَّى↓, meaning [I charm thee by invoking God, against a thirsty soul, and] an evil, or a malignant, eye: (Ṣ, L:) or an eye that looks at one with vehement hatred. (TA.) And الشَّرُّ [The evil one] is an appellation of Iblees. (Ḳ.)

[It is also used to denote the comparative and superlative degrees; like the contr. خَيْرٌ.] You say, هُوَ شَرٌّ مِنْكَ [He is worse, or more evil or wrongdoing, &c., than thou]. (Ḳ.) And هٰذَا شَرٌّ مِنْ ذَاكَ [This is worse,, &c., than that]. (Mṣb.) And فُلَانٌ شَرُّ النَّاسِ [Such a one is the worst,, &c., of mankind]; (Ṣ;) andأَشَرُّ↓; (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ;) this latter being the original, (Mgh, Mṣb,) but rare, (Ḳ,) or bad, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) peculiar to the dial. of the Benoo-'Ámir, (Mṣb,) or unused. (Mgh.) The fem. [of شَرٌّ] is شَرَّةٌ, [like as the fem. of its contr., خَيْرٌ, is خَيْرَةٌ,] (Ḳ,) and (of أَشَرُّ, Ṣ,* or of شَرٌّ, which is used for أَشَرُّ, Kr) شُرَّى↓. (Ṣ, Kr, Ḳ.) And [using the dim. form of شَرٌّ,] you say,هُوَ شُرَيْرٌ↓ مِنْكَ [He is a little worse,, &c., than thou]. (Ibn-Buzurj, TA in art. خير. [See خَيْرٌ.])

مَا شَرَّ for مَا أَشَرَّ: see 4.

شُرٌّ A vice, fault, defect, blemish, or something amiss: (TA:) a thing disapproved, disliked, or hated. (Ḳ, TA.) You say, مَا رَدَدْتُ هٰذَا عَلَيْكَ مِنْ شُرٍّ بِهِ I did not give this back to thee on account of any fault, &c., in it, but I preferred to give it to thee. (TA.) And مَا قُلْتُ ذَاكَ لِشُرِّكَ I said not that on account of a thing that thou disapprovest,, &c.: (Ḳ, TA:) or this has a different meaning, expl. above in the first paragraph. (TA.)

See also شَرٌّ, first sentence.

شِرَّةٌ: see شَرٌّ, first sentence.

Also The inordinate desire, or eagerness, (Ṣ,) and sprightliness, of youth: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) and in an absolute sense, inordinate desire, or eagerness; and [simply] desire; and sprightliness: (TA:) [and] sharpness, and angriness. (Ḥar p. 35.) It is said in a trad., إِنَّ لِهٰذَا القُرْآنِ شِرَّةً ثُمَّ إِنَّ لِلنَّاسِ عَنْهُ فَتْرَةً [Verily there is an eagerness for this Ḳur-án: then men have a weariness of it]. (L.)

شَرَارٌ, (Ṣ, A, O, Mṣb, TA,) accord. to the Ḳ شِرَارٌ, but this is a mistake, (MF,) andشَرَرٌ↓, (Ṣ, A, O, Mṣb, Ḳ,) which is a contraction of شَرَارٌ, (Mṣb,) Sparks of fire: (Ṣ, O, Mṣb, Ḳ:) n. un. of each with ة {شَرَارَةٌ and شَرَرَةٌ}. (Ṣ, A, O, Mṣb,* Ḳ.) See an ex. voce شَرَّارٌ.

شَرِيرٌ: see شَرٌّ, in three places.

Also The side of the sea, or of a great river; (AḤn, Ḳ;) the shore thereof: (Kr, TA:) or the part that is near to a sea or great river: pl. أَشِرَّةٌ: (AA, TA:) which signifies also seas or great rivers [themselves]. (TA.)

And (as some say, TA) A kind of tree that grows in the sea, or in a great river. (Ḳ, TA.)

شَرِيرَةٌ A [large needle such as is termed] مِسَلَّة (Ḳ, TA) of iron. (TA.)

شِرَّارٌ [Emitting many sparks]. One says,أَبُوكَ نَارٌ شَرَّارَةٌ وَأَتْتَ مِنْهَا شَرَارَةٌ↓ [Thy father is a fire that emits many sparks, and thou art a spark from it]. (A.)

شَرَّانٌ Certain insects (Ḳ) resembling بَعُوض [or gnats], (Ṣ, Ḳ,) which cover the face of a man, but do not bite; sometimes called الأَذَى: (Ṣ:) of the dial. of the people of Es-Sawád: (T, TA:) [it is with tenween; for] the n. un. is with ة {شَرَّانَةٌ}. (Ḳ.)

شِرِّيرٌ (Ṣ, A, Ḳ) Abounding in شَرّ [or evil or wrongdoing, &c.; very evil, &c.]; applied to a man: (Ṣ, A:) pl. شِرِّيرُونَ (Ḳ) and أَشْرَارٌ, which latter is anomalous. (Ḥam. p. 699.)

شَرْشَرٌ, (IAạr, Ṣ, Ḳ,) or (so in the Ṣ, but in the Ḳ “and”) شِرْشِرٌ↓, (Ibn-Ziyád, Ṣ, Ḳ,) A certain plant, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) which extends along the ground like ropes, (Ibn-Ziyád, AḤn, Ḳ,) in the same manner as the قُطْب, but having no thorns that hurt any one: (Ibn-Ziyád, AḤn:) Az says that it is a well-known plant, seen by him in the desert; that it fattens the camels, and makes their milk plentiful; and that it is mentioned by IAạr and others among the plants of the desert: شِرْشِرَةٌ↓ is expl. in the Ḳ as though it were the name of another plant; but it is not so; for شِرْشِرٌ is the pl. [or rather coll. gen. n.] thereof: it is a herb smaller than the عَرْفَج, having a yellow flower, and twigs, or shoots, and large dust-coloured leaves: it grows in plain, or soft, ground; and spreads wide, as though it were ropes, by reason of length, of the measure of a man in a standing posture; and has berries (حَبّ), like those of the هَرَاس. (TA.)

شِوَآءٌ شَرْشَرٌ Roasted flesh-meat, of which the grease, or gravy, drips; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) like شَلْشَلٌ and رَشْرَاشٌ. (TA.)

شَرْشَرَةٌ, ('Ináyeh, and so in some copies of the Ḳ,) orشُرْشُرَةٌ↓, (so in other copies of the Ḳ, accord. to the TA,) sing. of شَرَاشِرُ, (Ḳ,) which signifies The fringe-like extremities of a tail; (Ṣ,* Ḳ,* A, TA;) and of wings. (TA.)

Hence, metaphorically, [or synecdochically,] the pl. is used as signifying ‡ The whole: and hence the saying, أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ شَرَاشِرَهُ ‡ He betook himself altogether to it; as though, says Aṣ, by reason of his eagerness, he threw himself altogether upon it: accord. to EshShiháb, it means he betook himself [to it], openly or secretly: or شَرَاشِرُ signifies † the whole body; (Ḳ;) and القى عليه شراشره and أَجْرَانَهُ and أَجْرَامَهُ, provs. mentioned by Meyd, all signify the same [app. † he threw upon it the weight of his body: see Freytag's Arab. Prov., ii. 409 and 410: and see art. جرم]: or the first of these means † he loved it so that he courted death, or destruction, (اِسْتَهْلَكَ,) in his love of it: (TA:) or he loved it with a love that he would not give up, because of his necessity: (Lth, TA:) or ‡ he desired it inordinately, or eagerly, and loved it. (A.) [See also أَلْقَى عَلَيْهِ أَرْوَاقَهُ, voce رَوْقٌ. Accord. to different authorities,] شَرَاشِرُ also signifies † Burdens, or weights; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) sing. شَرْشَرَةٌ: (Ṣ:) and it is so expl. as used in the saying mentioned above: or it there signifies † weight, and whole person: or the reduplication implies intensiveness; as though this word originally signified weight of evil: but F, in his comments on the Preface of the Ksh, objects to this, as the word does not imply the contr. of خَيْرٌ, but dispersion. (TA.) Also ‡ Self: (Ḳ, TA:) and the saying mentioned above is expl. as meaning ‡ He threw himself upon it, through inordinate, or eager, desire, and love. (Ṣ, TA.) And † Love: (Ḳ:) or † love of self. (Kr, TA.)

شُرْشُرَةٌ: see the next preceding paragraph.

شِرْشِرَةٌ A piece of anything. (Ḳ.)

See also شَرْشَرٌ.

شُرْشُورٌ A certain bird, (Ḳ, TA,) of small size; said by Aṣ to be thus called by the people of El-Ḥijáz; and by the Arabs of the desert, بَرْقَش [a mistranscription for بِرْقِش]: it is said to be dustcoloured; in elegance, like the حُمَّرَة; and to be a little larger than the عُصْفُور [or sparrow]. (L, TA.) [Freytag, on the authority of Dmr, says that it is the same as is called ابو براقش: (but see بِرْقِشٌ:) and describes it as being of an ashy colour, with some mixture of redness; and of the passerine kind.]

أَشَرُّ; and its fem., شُرَّى: see شَرٌّ, latter half, in three places.

شُرَّى is also applied to a woman as meaning A great imputer of vices, faults, or the like, to others. (AA, L.)

إِشْرَارَةٌ A خَصَفَة, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) i. e. mat, (TA,) upon which [the preparation of curd called] أَقِط (Ṣ, Ḳ) and other things (Ṣ) are spread (Ṣ, Ḳ *) to dry; (TA;) [as alsoمَشَرُّ↓ orمِشَرٌّ↓, as written in different copies of the Ṣ voce عَبَثَت:] or a piece of cloth, of those whereof a tent is composed, used for that purpose: (TA:) or a tablet of stone or wood, upon which flesh-meat is dried: (Lth, IAạr:) pl. أَشَارِيرُ: or this pl. signifies pieces of flesh-meat cut into strips and dried: (Ṣ:) or the sing. signifies also flesh-meat cut into strips and dried. (Ḳ, TA.)

Also A great herd of camels: (Ḳ:) because scattered. (TA.)

مَشَرٌّ or مِشَرٌّ: see the next preceding paragraph.

المُشَرْشِرُ The lion: (Ṣgh, Ḳ:) from الشَّرْشَرَةُ “the biting” a thing “and then shaking” it. (Ṣgh, TA.)