Classical Arabic - English Dictionary

شَرَاهُ, (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, Ḳ, &c.,) aor. ـِ {يَشْرِىُ}, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) inf. n. شِرًى (Ṣ, Mgh, Mṣb, TA) and شِرَآءٌ, (Ṣ,* Mgh, Mṣb,* TA,) the former inf. n. the more in repute, (Mṣb, TA,) and this is of the dial. of Nejd, the latter being of the dial. of El-Ḥijáz, or the latter may be said to be with medd for the purpose of assimilating it to a preceding word, accord. to El-Munádee, or it may be regarded as an inf. n. of شَارَاهُ, (TA,) i. q. بَاعَهُ [in the sense in which this is generally used, i. e. He sold it]; (Ṣ, Mgh, Ḳ;) he gave it for a price: (Mṣb:) and i. q.اِشْتَرَاهُ↓ [in the sense in which this is generally used, i. e. he bought it]; (Ṣ, Mgh;) i. e. شَرَاهُ signifies also he took it, or acquired it, for a price: (Mṣb:) or this andاشتراه↓ both signify بَاعَهُ [as meaning he sold it]; (T,* Ḳ, TA;) but the former is more used than the latter in this sense: (T, TA:) and both signify also [he bought it; i. e.] he possessed it by sale; (Ḳ;) which is the more usual meaning of the latter: (T, TA:) thus the former has two contr. meanings, (Ṣ, Mṣb, Ḳ,) and the latter also: (Ḳ:) for the two persons selling and buying sell and buy the price and the thing upon which the price is put; so that each of the things given in exchange is sold in one point of view and bought in another. (Mṣb, TA.) It is said in the Ḳur [ii. 203], وَمِنَ ٱلنَّاسِ مَنْ يَشْرِى نَفْسَهُ ٱبْتِغَآءَ مَرْضَاةِ ٱللّٰهِ i. e. [And of men is he] who sells [himself in the endeavour to obtain the approval of God]. (Ṣ,* TA.) And in the same, [xii. 20], وَشَرَوْهُ بِثَمَنٍ بَخْسٍ i. e. And they sold him [for a deficient, or an insufficient, price]. (Ṣ, TA.) And in the same [ii. 15],أُولَائِكَ ٱلَّذِينَ ٱشْتَرَوُا↓ ٱلضَّلَالَةَ بِٱلْهُدَى, originally ٱشْتَرَيُوا, (Ṣ,) [lit. Those are they who have purchased error with right direction,] meaning, ‡ who have taken الضلالة in exchange for الهدى: (Ksh, Bḍ, Jel:) or ‡ who have preferred الضلالة to الهدى: (Ksh, Bḍ:) [for] of any one who relinquishes a thing and lays hold upon another thing, one says اشتراه; (Ḳ, TA;) which is thus tropically used [as meaning ‡ he took it in exchange بِغَيْرِهِ by giving up another thing]; (TA;) and hence this saying in the Ḳur-án. (Ḳ, TA.)

[Hence,] شَرَى بِنَفْسِهِ عَنِ القَوْمِ ‡ He advanced before the people, or party, (Ḳ, TA,) to their enemy, (TA,) and fought in defence of them: or ‡ he advanced to the Sultán, and spoke for the people: (Ḳ, TA:) [as though he sold himself for them; the ب in بنفسه being app. redundant:] or, as in the Tekmileh, شَرَى بِنَفْسِهِ إِلَى القَوْمِ ‡ he advanced to the people, or party, and fought them. (TA.)

And شَرَى فُلَانًا, (Ḳ,) inf. n. شِرًى, (TA,) † He mocked at, scoffed at, laughed at, derided, or ridiculed, such a one: (Ḳ:) [and] so شَرَّاهُ↓. (TA voce جَدَّعَهُ [q. v.: thus there written, perhaps for the purpose of assimilating it to جَدَّعَهُ].)

And i. q. أَرْغَمَهُ † [He angered such a one; or did evil to him, and angered him]: (Lḥ, Ḳ, TA:) and so أَوْرَمَهُ, and غَطَاهُ [or perhaps عَظَاهُ, for both are expl. alike]: all said of God. (Lḥ, TA.) And فَعَلَ بِهِ مَا شَرَاهُ † He did to him that which occasioned evil to him; or that which displeased, grieved, or vexed, him; syn. سَآءَهُ. (TA.) And لَحَاهُ ٱللّٰهُ وَشَرَاهُ † [May God remove him far from good or prosperity, or curse him, and do evil to him, or displease or grieve or vex him]. (TA.)

شَرَى ٱللّٰهُ فُلَانًا, (Ḳ,) inf. n. شِرًى, (TA,) also signifies God smote him, or may God smite him, with the eruption termed شَرًى [q. v.]. (Ḳ, TA.)

And شَرَاهُ, (Ḳ,) aor. ـِ {يَشْرِىُ}, inf. n. شِرًى, (TA,) i. q. شَرَّرَهُ, (Ḳ, TA,) i. e. He spread it [to dry]; (TA;) [in copies of the Ḳ, in art. شر, written, in this sense, شَرَّاهُ↓;] namely, flesh-meat, and a garment, or piece of cloth, and [the preparation of curd called] أَقِط. (Ḳ.)

شَرِىَ, aor. ـَ {يَشْرَىُ}, inf. n. شَرًى, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) said of lightning, (Ṣ, Ḳ, &c.,) It shone, or gleamed, much: (Ṣ:) or it shone, or gleamed, (Ḳ, TA,) and spread in the face of the clouds, or, as in the T, became dispersed in the face of the clouds: (TA:) andاشرى↓ signifies the same; (Ḳ;) or it shone, or gleamed, consecutively: the latter verb mentioned by Ṣgh. (TA.)

And hence, (Ṣ,) said of the nose-rein of a camel, (Ṣ, TA,) It was, or became, in a state of commotion, (TA,) or, of much commotion. (Ṣ, TA. [See also 12.])

Also, (Ḳ,) aor. and inf. n. as above, (TA,) He (a man) was, or became, angry: (Ḳ, TA:) or he was, or became, flurried by reason of anger. (Ṣ, TA.)

And, said of evil, or mischief, It spread, بَيْنَهُمْ among them: (Ḳ, TA:) or became great, or formidable; and in like manner said of an affair, or event. (Nh, TA. [See also 10.])

Also, andاستشرى↓, He (a man, Ṣ) persisted, or persevered, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) in an affair, (Ṣ,) or in his error, and his corrupt conduct: and the former, said of a man, is like غَرِىَ in measure and meaning [i. e. he persisted, or persevered, in his anger]. (TA.) One says of a horse, شَرِىَ فِى سَيْرِهِ, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) inf. n. as above, (TA,) He persisted, or persevered, in his pace, or going; as alsoاستشرى↓: (Ṣ:) or he exceeded the usual bounds therein, (Ḳ, TA,) and went on without languor: (TA:) andاستشرى↓ فِى عَدْوِهِ he (i. e. a horse) persisted, or persevered, in his running: (Mgh:) and شَرِىَ فِى لِجَامِهِ he (a horse) strained his bridle. (A, TA.) And شَرِيَتْ عَيْنُهُ بِالدَّمْعِ His eye persisted, or persevered, in the shedding of tears, the tears pouring forth consecutively. (TA.)

And شَرِىَ, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) aor. ـَ {يَشْرَىُ}, inf. n. شَرًى, (Ḳ,* TA,) He, (TA,) or his skin, broke out with the eruption termed شَرًى [q. v.]. (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA.)

شَارَاهُ, inf. n. مُشَارَاةٌ and شِرَآءٌ, i. q. بَايَعَهُ [as signifying He sold and bought with him: and he bartered, or exchanged commodities, with him: that شاراه has both of these meanings (like بايعه) is shown by the fact that مُشَارَاةٌ is also expl. in the TA, on the authority of Er-Rághib, as signifying the same as قِبَاضٌ]. (Ḳ.)

Also, (Mgh,) inf. n. مُشَارَاةٌ, (TA,) He persisted in contention, litigation, or wrangling: (Mgh:) one says, هُوَ يُشَارِيهِ (T, M, Ḳ) He persists in contention, litigation, or wrangling, with him: (M, TA:) or he contends in altercation, disputes, or litigates, with him; or does so vehemently, or obstinately; syn. يُجَادِلُهُ: (Ḳ, TA:) and it is said of the Prophet, in a trad., كَانَ لَا يُشَارِى وَلَا يُمَارِى [He used not to persist in contention,, &c.]: (Mgh, TA:) meaning accord. to Th,كَانَ لَا يَسْتَشْرِى↓ بِالشَّرِّ [he used not to persist, or persevere, with evil conduct]: (TA:) from اِسْتَشْرَى فِى عَدْوِهِ [expl. above (see 1 near the end)] as said of a horse: (Mgh:) or, accord. to Az, (TA,) originally يُشَارِرُ; one of the ر s being changed into ى. (Ḳ,* TA. [See 3 in art. شر: and see also 3 in art. جرى.])

اشرى, said of lightning: see 1, latter half.

Said of a camel, He sped, or went quickly. (IḲṭṭ, TA.)

اشرى بَيْنَهُمْ He excited discord, strife, or animosity, between them, or among them. (Az, Ḳ.)

اشرى الحَمَلُ (Ḳ accord. to the CK, [which, I think, evidently gives the right reading,] in the TA and in my MṢ. copy of the Ḳ الجمل,) i. q. تَفَلَّقَتْ عَقِيقَتُهُ [i. e. The lamb had its wool cleaving open, or becoming cleft]: (Ḳ: [Freytag, following the TḲ, and reading الحِمْلُ, explains the verb as said of fruit, and meaning “diffissos habuit nucleos;” but I cannot find any authority for the signification that he thus assigns to عَقيقة:]) mentioned by Ṣgh. (TA.)

اشرت الشَّجَرَةُ The plant [crept upon the ground, or] was like the cucumber and the melon; as alsoاستشرت↓. (TA.)

See also 5.

اشراهُ He filled it; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) namely, a watering-trough: and in like manner اشرى جَفْنَةً he filled a bowl, (Ṣ,) or جِفَانَهُ his bowls for the guests. (TA.)

And He made it to incline, (Ḳ, TA,) فِى نَاحِيَةِ كَذَا [in the direction of such a thing]. (TA.) Hence the saying of a poet,

* وَأَنَّنِى حَيْثُمَا يُشْرِى الهَوَى بَصَرِى *

* مِنْ حَوْثَمَا سَلَكُوا أَدْنُو فَأَنْظُورُ *

[And that I, wherever love makes my eye, or eyes, to incline, wherever they travel, approach and look: فانظور being for فَأَنْظُرُ]: or, as some relate it, أَثْنِى فَأَنْظُورُ [i. e. turn myself, or my eyes, and look]. (TA.)

[Also He put it in motion; namely, a bridle. (Freytag, from the Deewán of the Hudhalees.)]

تشرّى It became scattered, or dispersed: (Ḳ:) accord. to the M, said in this sense of a company of men. (TA.)

Also, said of a man, (Ṣ,) or of a party, or company of men, (TA,) He, or they, became like the شُرَاة [pl. of شَارٍ q. v.] in his, or their, actions; (Ṣ,* TA;) and soاشرى↓. (IAth, TA.)

تَشَارَيَا They sued each other; or cited each other before a judge; syn. تَقَاضَيَا. (A, TA.)

استشرى: see 1, latter part, in three places: and see 1.

Also He persisted, or persevered, in consideration, or examination. (TA.)

And استشرى فِى دِينِهِ He strove, or exerted himself, or was diligent, or studious, and was careful, or mindful, or regardful, in his religion. (TA.)

And استشرت الأُمُورُ بَيْنَهُمْ The affairs, or events, were, or became, great, or formidable, between them, or among them. (Ḳ,* TA. [See also شَرِىَ.])

And see 4.

اِشْرَوْرَى It was, or became, in a state of commotion. (Ḳ. [See also شَرِىَ.])

شَرْىٌ The colocynth: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) or it signifies, (Ḳ,) or signifies also, (Ṣ,) the plant thereof: (Ṣ, Ḳ:) n. un. with ة {شَرْىَةٌ}: (Ṣ:) andشَرْيَانٌ↓ also signifies the colocynth; as a dial. var. of شَرْىٌ: or the leaves thereof. (TA.) One says, هُوَ أَحْلَى مِنَ الأَرْىِ وَأَمَرُّ مِنَ الشَّرْىِ [He, or it, is sweeter than honey and more bitter than colocynth]. (TA.) And فُلَانٌ لَهُ طَعْمَانِ أَرْىٌ وَشَرْىٌ [Such a one has two flavours, that of honey and that of colocynth]. (Ṣ, TA.)

And Any kind of plant that spreads upon the ground, running [or creeping] and extending; such as the melon and the cucumber. (AḤn, O voce سُطَّاحٌ, q. v., and TA * in the present art.)

And Palm-trees that grow from the datestones: (Ḳ:) and with ة {شَرْىَةٌ} [as the n. un.] one of such palm-trees. (Ṣ.)

And, accord. to IJ, A kind of tree of which bows are made. (L voce حَتٌّ, q. v. [See also شِرْيَانٌ.])

See also شَرًى.

And see شَرْوَى.

شَرًى A road, (Ḳ, TA,) in a general sense. (TA.) And, (Ḳ,) with the article ال, [particularly] A road of Selmà, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) the mountain so called, (TA,) abounding with lions: (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA:) whence they say of courageous men, مَا هُمْ إِلَّا أُسُودُ الشَّرَى [They are no other than the lions of Esh-Sharà]. (TA.)

And i. q. نَاحِيَةٌ [as meaning An adjacent tract or region]; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) as alsoشَرَآءٌ↓: (Ḳ:) accord. to some, of the right hand: (TA:) pl. أَشْرَآءٌ. (Ṣ, Ḳ.) Hence, شَرَى الفُرَاتِ The adjacent tract (نَاحِيَة) of the Euphrates: (TA:) and أَشْرَآءُ الحَرَمِ the adjacent tracts of the Sacred Territory; syn. نَوَاحِيهِ. (Ṣ.)

And A mountain. (Ḳ.)

Also The bad, or worse, or worst, of cattle: accord. to J, [in the Ṣ,]شَرْىٌ↓, [said in the Ṣ to be like شَوَى المَالِ,] which is [said to be] a mistake: (Ḳ:) but El-Bedr El-Karáfee questions it being so: (TA:) and the good, or better, or best, thereof; as alsoشَرَاةٌ↓: thus having two contr. significations: (Ḳ:) and so says ISk: but ISd says thatإِبِلٌ شَرَاةٌ↓, like سَرَاةٌ, means choice camels. (TA.)

And A certain eruption upon the body, resembling dirhems: (TA:) or small pimples or purulent pustules, having a burning property: (Ṣ:) or small pimples or purulent pustules, red, itching, and distressing, generally originating at once, (Ḳ, TA,) but sometimes gradually, (TA,) and becoming [more] severe by night in consequence of a hot vapour breaking forth at once upon the body: (Ḳ, TA:) thus in the “Kánoon” of Ibn-Seenà [or Avicenna]. (TA.)

ذُو الشَّرَى A certain idol of [the tribe of] Dows (دَوْس), (Ḳ, TA,) in the Saráh (السَّرَاة): so says Naṣr. (TA.)

شَرٍ Having the eruption termed شَرًى, described in the next preceding paragraph. (Ṣ, Ḳ.)

شِرًى, (Ṣ, TA,) an inf. n. of شَرَى, aor. يَشْرِى, (TA,) [when used as a simple subst., signifying A sale and also a purchase,] has أَشْرِيَةٌ for its pl., which, as pl. of a sing. of the measure فِعَلٌ, is anomalous. (Ṣ, TA.)

شَرِىٌّ Sold: and also bought: applied in this sense to a male slave; and شَرِيَّةٌ to a female slave. (Mṣb.)

Also A horse that persists, or perseveres, in his pace, or going: (Ṣ:) or that exceeds the usual bounds therein, (Ḳ, TA,) and goes on without languor: (TA:) or a choice horse: (A, TA:) or an excellent, choice horse. (TA.)

شَرِيَّةٌ A way, course, mode, or manner, of acting or conduct or the like: and a nature; or a natural, a native, or an innate, disposition or temper or the like. (Ḳ.)

Also, of women, Such as bring forth females. (Ḳ.) One says, تَزَوَّجَ فِى شَرِيَّةِ نِسَآءٍ He married among women such as bring forth females. (TA.)

شَرْوَى, in which the و is a substitute for ى, as it is in تَقْوَى and the like, (TA,) The like (Ṣ, Ḳ) of a thing: (Ṣ:) because a thing is sometimes bought with the like thereof: (TA:) [used alike as sing. and pl.: and, accord. to the TA, it seems that شَرْىٌ↓ signifies the same.] It is said of Shureyh, كَانَ يُضَمِّنُ القَصَّارَ شَرْوَى الثَّوْبِ الَّذِى أَهْلَكَهُ [He used to make the washer responsible for the like of the garment, or piece of cloth, that he destroyed]. (TA.) And it is said in a trad. of ʼOmar, relating to the [collecting of the] poorrate, فَلَا يَأْخُذُ إِلَّا تِلْكَ السِّنَّ مِنْ شَرْوَى إِبِلِهِ [i. e. And he shall not take any save of that age, of the likes of his camels]. (TA.)

شِرَوِىٌّ, in which the و is a substitute for ى, andشِرَائِىٌّ↓, [both signifying Of, or relating to, selling, and also of, or relating to, buying,] are rel. ns.; the former, of the inf. n. شِرًى; and the latter, of the inf. n. شِرَآءٌ. (Mṣb, TA.)

شِرْيَانٌ andشَرْيَانٌ↓, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) the former of which is the more in repute, (TA,) the former said to be quasi-quadriliteral, like جِرْيَالٌ, [and therefore mentioned also in the TA in art. شرن,] but held by IB to be of the measure فِعْلَانٌ, (TA in art. شرن,) A kind of tree, (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA,) of the عِضَاه [q. v.] of the mountains, (TA,) of which bows are made: (Ṣ, Ḳ, TA:) n. un. with ة {شِرْيَانَةٌ}: the tree thus called grows in the manner, and of the height and width, of the [species of lote-tree called] سِدْر, and has a yellow, sweet نَبِقَة [or drupe]: so says AḤn: and he adds, Aboo-Ziyád says, bows are made of the شريان, and the bow made thereof is good, but black tinged with redness; its wood being of those woods of which good bows are [commonly] made; and they assert that it seldom, or never, becomes crooked: Mbr says that the نَبْع and شَوْحَط [q. v.] and شريان are one kind of tree, but differing in name and estimation according to the places of growth; such thereof as is upon the summit of the mountain being the نبع; and such as is at the base, or foot, or lowest or lower part, thereof, the شريان. (TA. [But see شَوْحَطٌ.])

Also sing. of شَرَايِينُ signifying The arteries; i. e. the pulsing veins; (Ṣ, Ḳ;) which spring from the heart: (Ṣ:) but the anatomists assert that they spring from the liver, and pass by the heart. (TA.)

شِرْيَانٌ, with kesr, signifies also A crack, or fissure, [in a rock,] such as is termed ثَتٌّ. (Az, TA.)

شَارٍ Selling, or a seller: (Mgh, TA:) and buying, or a buyer: as alsoمُشْتَرٍ↓ [in both senses, but generally in the latter sense; whereas شَارٍ is generally used in the former sense]: (TA:) pl. of the former شُرَاةٌ. (Mgh.)

Also, (Ṣ, TA,) andشَارِىٌّ↓, in which latter the ى is not the ى of a rel. n. but is an affix corroborative of the epithet, as in the cases of أَحْوَرُ and أَحْوَرِىٌّ [or أَحْمَرُ and أَحْمَرِىٌّ] and صُلَّبٌ and صُلَّبِىٌّ, (TA,) One of the people to whom is applied the appellation الشُّرَاةُ, (Ṣ, TA,) which means the [heretics, or schismatics, commonly known by the name of] خَوَارِج [pl. of خَارِجِىٌّ, q. v.]: (Ṣ, M, Mgh, Ḳ, &c.:) so called because they said, We have sold ourselves in obedience to God, i. e., for Paradise, when we separated ourselves from the erring Imáms: (Ṣ:) or because they sold themselves for the sake of what they believed: or because they said, Verily God has purchased us and our possessions: (Mgh:) but ISk says, because of their vehement hatred of the Muslims: and the author of the Ḳ says that it is from شَرِىَ signifying “he was angry,” and “he persisted, or persevered;” and he charges J with error in his explaining it as above, from their saying “we have sold ourselves”, &c.; but this charge is senseless, for J has followed herein more than one of the leading authorities: the author of the Ḳ has followed ISd, who, however, adds, as to themselves, they say “We are the شُرَاة” because of the saying in the Ḳur ii. 203 [cited in the first paragraph of this art.], and the saying [in ix. 112] “Verily God hath purchased, of the believers, themselves” [&c.]; and the like is said in the Nh, with this addition, that شُرَاةٌ is the pl. of شَارٍ; i. e., it is from شَرَى, aor. يَشْرِى; or it may be from المُشَارَاةُ meaning المُلَاجَّةُ: moreover, the part. n. of شَرِىَ is شَرٍ; and this has not شُرَاةٌ for its pl. (TA.)

مُشْتَرٍ: see شَارٍ.

المُشْتَرِى A certain star, (Ṣ, Ḳ,) well-known; (Ḳ;) [Jupiter;] one of the Seven Stars. (TA.)

And A certain bird. (Ḳ.)